Taken from the book Modern Chemistry by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston on Chapters 4 and 5, which deals with electrons and the periodic table. Includes the chapter vocabulary and a few other useful things.
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| 1066290224 | electromagnetic radiation | A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space (3.00x10⁸ m/s) | |
| 1066290225 | electromagnetic spectrum | Combination of all the forms of electromagnetic radiation. | |
| 1066290226 | wavelength | Distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves. Measure in some type of meters (m). | |
| 1066290227 | frequency | Number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second. Measured in Hertz. | |
| 1066290228 | hertz | One wave per second. | |
| 1066290229 | photoelectric effect | Emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on a metal. | |
| 1066290230 | quantum | Minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom. | |
| 1066290231 | photon | Particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy. | |
| 1066290232 | ground state | Lowest energy state of an atom. | |
| 1066290233 | excited state | State in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in it's ground state. | |
| 1066290234 | Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle. | |
| 1066290235 | Quantum Theory | Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles. | |
| 1066290236 | orbital | A 3D region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron. | |
| 1066290237 | Quantum Numbers | Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals. | |
| 1066290238 | Principle Quantum Number | Denotes the energy level (1, 2, 3, etc.) | |
| 1066290239 | Angular Momentum Quantum Number | The suborbitals of an atom. (S, P, D, F) | |
| 1066290240 | Magnetic Quantum Number | Which suborbital. (Py, Px, Pz) | |
| 1066290241 | Spin Quantum Number | Which way it spins. (up or down) | |
| 1066290242 | electron configuration | The arrangement of electrons in an atom | |
| 1066290243 | noble gas | The Group 18 elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon) | |
| 1066290244 | noble gas configuration | An outer main energy level occupied, in most cases, by 8 electrons | |
| 1066290245 | Aufbau principle | Electrons fill from lowest energy to highest. | |
| 1066290246 | Hund's Rule | each orbital within a given sublevel gets one electron and then and only then can they have seconds. | |
| 1066290247 | The Pauli Exclusion Principle | within one orbital, one electron spins up and one spins down. | |
| 1066290248 | Bohr | electrons travel in orbits (energy levels) | |
| 1066290249 | deBroglie | everything has a wavelength | |
| 1066290250 | Schrödinger | made wave equation for deBroglie's statement (mass is relative to wavelength) | |
| 1066290251 | Electrons are like particles because of what? | photoelectric effect | |
| 1066290252 | Electrons are like waves because of what? | diffraction (bending of waves) and interference (combination of waves that either cancels out or strengthens the wave). | |
| 1066290253 | Emission spectrum | the light that something emits | |
| 1066290254 | Emission signature | individual to every substance; used to identify elements | |
| 1066290255 | Light | electrons jumping from one energy level to another and then back | |
| 1066290256 | periodic law | The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. | |
| 1066290257 | periodic table | An arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that the elements with similar properties fall in the same column or group. | |
| 1066290258 | lanthanide | The 14 elements with the atomic numbers 58-71. | |
| 1066290259 | actinide | The 14 elements with the atomic numbers 90-103. | |
| 1066290260 | alkali metals | The elements of group 1 of the periodic table. | |
| 1066290261 | alkaline-earth metals | The elements of group 2 of the periodic table. | |
| 1066290262 | transition metals | The d-block elements are metals with typical metallic properties. | |
| 1066290263 | main-group elements | The p-block elements together with the s-block elements. | |
| 1066290264 | halogens | The elements of group 17 of the periodic table. | |
| 1066290265 | atomic radius | 1/2 the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together. | |
| 1066290266 | ion | An atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge. | |
| 1066290267 | ionization | Any process that results in the formation of an ion. | |
| 1066290268 | ionization energy | The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element. | |
| 1066290269 | electron affinity | The energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom. | |
| 1066290270 | cation | A positive ion. | |
| 1066290271 | anion | A negative ion. | |
| 1066290272 | valence electrons | The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds. | |
| 1066290273 | electronegativity | A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound. |
