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| 11774160268 | William of Rubruck | (ca. 1215-ca. 1295) Franciscan monk from France who visited the court of the Mongol khan Möngke in 1253-1254 and sent back one of the most detailed surviving sources about the Mongols. |  | 0 |
| 11774160269 | 1206 | The Mongols exploded out of their homeland and conquered most of Eurasia = unified Eurasia | 1 | |
| 11774160270 | Chinggis Khan | (ca. 1167-1227) Founder of the Mongol Empire who united the different peoples living in modern-day Mongolia in 1206, when he took the title Chinggis Khan. |  | 2 |
| 11774160272 | Shamans | Mongol religious specialists who contacted deities by burning bones and interpreting the cracks to determine the gods' wills. |  | 3 |
| 11774160274 | Yurts | felt tents that could be put up and dismantled rapidly; nomadic and herders; mongol living quarters | 4 | |
| 11774160276 | Temujin | skillfully forged alliances with other leaders and began defeating other tribes. He eventually formed a confederation of all the peoples in the grasslands of modern Mongolia. In 1206, the Mongols awarded the thirty-nine-year-old Temüjin the title of universal ruler: Chinggis (literally "oceanic") Khan ("ruler"). |  | 5 |
| 11774160277 | Tanistry | Process the Mongols used to choose a new leader. Under it, all contenders for power had to prove their ability to lead by defeating their rivals in battle. |  | 6 |
| 11774160278 | Khuriltai | Name of the Mongols' assembly that gathered to acclaim the new leader after he had defeated his rivals. Not an electoral body. | 7 | |
| 11774160279 | Horsemanship | mongol advantage over European and Asian powers | 8 | |
| 11774160280 | Goal of the Mongols | conquer territory as quickly as possible (the Mongols placed captives on their front lines to be killed by their own countrymen. If the enemy submitted voluntarily, the Mongols promised not to destroy their homes) | 9 | |
| 11774160281 | Darughachi | Regional governor appointed by the Mongols to administer a newly conquered region and to collect taxes. | 10 | |
| 11774160282 | How the Mongols captured large amounts of Land | willingness to leave much of the local government and customs intact meant that they could conquer enormous swaths of territory quickly without having to leave behind a large occupying force to rule the conquered lands, which allowed them to move on quickly. | 11 | |
| 11774160283 | Chinggis | the first Supreme Ruler of the Mongol empire, captured a lot of land, and when he died he divided his realm into four sections each for one of his sons |  | 12 |
| 11774160284 | Ogodei | Chinggi's son; governed all four section of the mongol's realm | 13 | |
| 11774160285 | Postal Relay System | Mongol institution of fixed routes with regular stops where messengers could eat and get fresh mounts, which functioned as the central nervous system of the sprawling empire. | 14 | |
| 11774160286 | Pax Mongolica | period of mongol unity and prosperity; happened when the mongols took over nearly all of asia | 15 | |
| 11774160287 | Conquest of Baghdad | mongol's bloodiest campaigns and Hulegu ordered the execution of the Caliph in 1258; the end to the Abbasid Caliphate | 16 | |
| 11774160288 | Mongol Empire | divided into 4 khanates, each ruled by a different mongol prince - persia, russia, central asia, and china | 17 | |
| 11774160290 | Khanate of the Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) | khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire after 1259 it became a functionally separate khanate; both Mongols and Russia benefited (Symbiotic) | 18 | |
| 11774160291 | Kiev | most important city in Russia but mongol conquests devastated the city | 19 | |
| 11774160292 | Principality of Muscovy | Successor to the Golden Horde in modern-day; eventually emerged as Kiev's successor, partially because the rulers of Moscow were frequently better able to pay their share of tribute and so were favored by the Golden Horde | 20 | |
| 11774160293 | Ivan lll | (r. 1462-1505) Muscovy's most important leader, who overthrew Mongol rule in 1502. | 21 | |
| 11774160295 | Tamerlane | (ca. 1336-1405) conquered a large swath of Central Asia south and east of the Caspian Sea; his capitol was Samarkand | 22 | |
| 11774160296 | Karakorum | highly developed Mongol capital city built by prisoners who were artisans and architects | 23 | |
| 11774160297 | Mongol Legal Codes | the Yasa and the Bilik |  | 24 |
| 11774160298 | Mongol Women | higher social status, next to the leader helping him make decisions, fierce | 25 | |
| 11774160299 | Steppes | grassland where the mongols lived |  | 26 |
| 11774160301 | Yuan Dynasty | chinese dynasty under mongol control and Khubilai Khan was the emperor | 27 | |
| 11774160302 | Mongols in China | -adopted Chinese postal and taxing system -adopted the Chinese dynastic system -adopted some Confucian and Daoist practices -Intermarriage was forbidden -Chinese exam system banned | 28 | |
| 11774160310 | Khubilai Khan | (1215-1294) Grandson of Chinggis Khan who became ruler of Mongolia and north China in 1260 and who succeeded in conquering south China in 1276, but not Japan or Vietnam. |  | 29 |
| 11774317516 | "fictive kinship" | Common form of tribal bonding in nomadic societies in which allies are designated and treated as blood relatives. | 30 | |
| 11774344836 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 31 | |
| 11774378051 | Ilkhan Khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire. Persia: Rule using local bureaucrats. Became Islamized and Persianized | 32 |
