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| 8040670 | Biological Psychology | A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior | 0 | |
| 8040671 | Neuron | A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system | 1 | |
| 8040672 | Dendrite | The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body | 2 | |
| 8040673 | Axon | The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands | 3 | |
| 8040674 | Myelin Sheath | A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables a greater speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next | 4 | |
| 8040675 | Action Potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon, and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane | 5 | |
| 8040676 | Threshold | The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse | 6 | |
| 8040677 | Synapse | The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron | 7 | |
| 8042323 | Synaptic Gap | The tiny gap at the junction between the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron | 8 | |
| 8042324 | Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that transverse the synaptic gaps betwen neurons, after being released they travel across the synapse and bind receptor sites on the receiving neuron | 9 | |
| 8042325 | Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter that among its fuctions, triggers muscle contraction | 10 | |
| 8042326 | Endorphins | natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure | 11 | |
| 8042327 | Nervous System | The body's speedy electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems | 12 | |
| 8042328 | Central Nervous System | The brain and spinal cord | 13 | |
| 8042329 | Peripheral Nervous System | The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body | 14 | |
| 8042330 | Nerves | neural "cables" containing many axons, that connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs | 15 | |
| 8042331 | Sensory Neurons | Neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system | 16 | |
| 8042332 | Interneurons | Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory imputs and motor outputs | 17 | |
| 8042333 | Motor Neurons | The neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands | 18 | |
| 8042334 | Somatic Nervous System | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles | 19 | |
| 8042335 | Autonomic Nervous System | The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs | 20 | |
| 8042336 | Sympathetic Nervous System | The divison of the autonomic nervous system that aroused the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations | 21 | |
| 8042337 | Parasympathetic Nervous System | The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy | 22 | |
| 8042338 | Reflex | A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response | 23 | |
| 8042339 | Neural Networks | Interconnected neural cells that, with experience can learn as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results | 24 | |
| 8042340 | Lesion | Tissue destruction | 25 | |
| 8042341 | Electroencephalogram (EEG) | An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweeps across the brain's surface, which are measured by electrodes placers on the scalp | 26 | |
| 8042342 | CT(computed tomography) Scan | A series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body (CAT Scan) | 27 | |
| 8042343 | PET(positron emission tomography) Scan | A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task | 28 | |
| 8042344 | MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) | A technigue that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue | 29 | |
| 8042345 | Brainstem | The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull, and it is responsible for automatic survival functions | 30 | |
| 8042346 | Medulla | The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing | 31 | |
| 8042347 | Reticular Formation | A nerve network in the brainstem that plays and important role in controlling arousal | 32 | |
| 8042348 | Thalamus | The brain's sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla | 33 | |
| 8042349 | Cerebellum | The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance | 34 | |
| 8042350 | Limbic System | A doughnut-shapes system of neural structures at the bored of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions like fear and aggress | 35 | |
| 8042351 | Cerebral Cortex | The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center | 36 | |
| 8042352 | Glial Cells | Cells in the nervous system that are not neurons but that support, nourish, and protect neurons | 37 | |
| 8042353 | Frontal Lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements | 38 | |
| 8042354 | Parietal Lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; includes the sensory cortex | 39 | |
| 8042355 | Occipital Lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field | 40 | |
| 8042356 | Temporal Lobes | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear | 41 | |
| 8042357 | Motor Cortex | An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements | 42 | |
| 8042358 | Sensory Cortex | The area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations | 43 | |
| 8042359 | Association Areas | Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking | 44 | |
| 8042360 | Aphasia | Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area | 45 | |
| 8042361 | Broca's Area | An area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | 46 | |
| 8042362 | Wernicke's Area | A brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe | 47 | |
| 8042363 | Plasticity | The brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage and in experiments on the effects of brain development | 48 | |
| 8042364 | Corpus Callosum | The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them | 49 | |
| 8042365 | Split Brain | A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connected fibers between them | 50 | |
| 8042366 | Endocrine System | The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream | 51 | |
| 8042367 | Hormones | Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another | 52 | |
| 8042368 | Adrenal Glands | A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys; they secrete the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine which help to arouse the body in times of stress | 53 | |
| 8042369 | Pituitary Gland | The endocrine system's most influential gland; under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands | 54 | |
| 8042370 | Amygdala | Two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion | 55 | |
| 8042371 | Hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion | 56 |
