Terms : Hide Images
| 66192596 | Arnold Schoenberg | Moved the German classical tradition towards atonality. | |
| 66192597 | Arnold Schoenberg | Later developed the 12-tone method for the systematic ordering of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale in 1908. | |
| 66192598 | Arnold Schoenberg | Born in Vienna and was the son of a Jewish shopkeeper. | |
| 66192599 | Arnold Schoenberg | Two famous students were Berg and Webern. | |
| 66192600 | Arnold Schoenberg | Converted to Lutheranism, but converted back to Judaism and moved to France in 1933. Later taught in UCLA | |
| 66192601 | Arnold Schoenberg | Verklarte Nacht, Gurrelieder, Pelleas and Melisande, String Quartet No. 1 in D | |
| 66192605 | Arnold Schoenberg | Non-repetition between and within pieces was _____________'s guiding principal. | |
| 66192606 | Arnold Schoenberg | "Emancipation of the dissonance" | |
| 66192607 | Arnold Schoenberg | Developing variation, integration of harmony and melody, chromatic saturation. | |
| 66192608 | Saget mir, auf welchem | Based on a poem, was one of his first completely atonal works. | |
| 66223325 | Atonal Pieces Completed in 1909 | Book of the Hanging Gardens, Three piano pieces, Five orchestral pieces, Ewartung | |
| 66223326 | Arnold Schoenberg | Pierrot Lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot) | |
| 66223327 | Twelve-tone method | Pitches are related to each other, not to a tonic. | |
| 66223328 | Piano Suite, Op. 25 | First 12 tone piece by Schoenberg | |
| 66229293 | Second Viennese School | Schoenberg, Webern, and Berg | |
| 66229294 | Alban Berg | Studied with Schoenberg | |
| 66229295 | Wozzeck | Opera by Berg | |
| 66229296 | After Wozzeck | Berg adopted the twelve tone system | |
| 66229297 | Alban Berg | Lyric Suite for string quartet, Violin Concerto, Lulu. | |
| 66229298 | Anton Webern | Studied with Schoenberg with Berg | |
| 66229299 | Anton Webern | Concept of music history influenced his development | |
| 66229300 | Anton Webern | His works were influential following WWII | |
| 66229301 | Anton Webern | Symphony, Op. 21 | |
| 66229302 | Anton Webern | Pointillistic Style | |
| 66229303 | Igor Stravinsky | Arguably became the most important composer of his time. | |
| 66229304 | Igor Stravinsky | A modern composer who composed the ballet The Rite of spring. This ballet almost caused a riot when it first was performed in Paris in 1913, because its combination of pulsating, dissonant rhythms from the orchestra pit and an earthy representation of lovemaking by the dancers shocked the audience. | |
| 66229305 | Igor Stravinsky | Studied with Rimsky Korsakov | |
| 66229306 | Igor Stravinsky | Performed tirelessly as a pianist and conductor | |
| 66229307 | Igor Stravinsky | The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring, L'histoire du soldat, Pulcinella, Symphonies of Wind instruments, Symphony of Psalms. | |
| 66229308 | Igor Stravinsky | Neo Classicism | |
| 66266162 | Neotonality | Tone centers are established through repetition and assertion, not through traditional harmony. | |
| 66266163 | Serialism | 20th century music that uses of a definite order of notes as a thematic basis for a musical composition | |
| 66266164 | Bela Bartok | His composer was a Hungarian who was one of the leading composers of the early 20th Century. His compositions focused on the folk music of his country and the eastern European region. | |
| 66266165 | Bela Bartok | Played piano | |
| 66266166 | Bela Bartok | Died of Leukemia in 1945 | |
| 66266167 | Bela Bartok | He created original works by blending rhythmic, melodic, or formal charateristics of peasant music with classical and modern traditions. | |
| 66266168 | Bela Bartok | Bluebeards Castle, Allegro Barbaro, Two Violin sonatas, the Third and Fourth String quartets, The Miraculous Mandarin, The Fifth and Sixth string quartets, Music for Strings Percussion and Celesta, Concerto for Orchestra, and Mikrokosmos (a book with 153 piano works) | |
| 66266169 | Bela Bartok | Maintained a single pitch center using diatonic and other scales. | |
| 66266170 | Bela Bartok | retained eleborate contrapuntal procedures from the classical tradition, such as the fugue. | |
| 66266171 | Charles Ives | Born in a small Conneticut city, where his father was a band master and music teacher. | |
| 66266172 | Charles Ives | Became the youngest professional church organist in the state at age fourteen | |
| 66266173 | Charles Ives | Was recognized as the first American composer to create a distinctly Anerican body of art music. | |
| 66266174 | Charles Ives | _________ was fluent in four distinct spheres of composition. American Vernacular, Protestant church, European classical, and Experimental music. | |
| 66266175 | Charles Ives | Scherzo: All the Way Around and Back, The Unanswered Question, Third Symphony, four violin sonatas, and First Piano sonata, three places in New England, A symphony: New England Holidays, Concord Mass, The Fourth Symphony, General William Booth Enters into Heaven. | |
| 66266176 | Charles Ives | Could justifiably be called the founder of the experimental-music tradition in the United States. | |
| 66266177 | Modernism | the bold new experimental styles and forms that swept the arts during the first third of the twentieth century; called for changes in subject matter, in fictional styles, in poetic forms, and in attitudes. | |
| 66328061 | Modern Times | 1898-1918, development of motion pictures with live musical accompaniment. | |
| 66328062 | Operetta's | The Merry Widow, Babes in Toyland, Naughty Marietta. | |
| 66328063 | The Merry Widow | Franz Lehar | |
| 66328064 | Babes in Toyland | Victor Herbert | |
| 66328065 | Naughty Marietta | Victor Herbert | |
| 66328066 | Silent Films | Remained silent till 1920's | |
| 66328067 | Band Music | Extended to Colleges and schools, emerged Helen May Butler's Ladies. | |
| 66328068 | Band Music | New serious works were being written by English composers. | |
| 66328069 | Ragtime | features syncopated rhythms against a regular bass. Derived from the clapping Juba of American blacks | |
| 66328070 | Will Marion Cook | an African American composer, introduced the new rhythmic style to broadway. | |
| 66328071 | Scott Joplin | Leading Ragtime composer | |
| 66328072 | Scott Joplin | Wrote an Opera entitled Treemonisha | |
| 66328073 | Scott Joplin | Best known for his piano rags. | |
| 66328074 | Scott Joplin | Maple Leaf Rag | |
| 66328075 | Jazz | Appears to have begun as a mixture of ragtime, dance music, and blues. | |
| 66328076 | Gustav Mahler | Leading Austro-German composer of symphonies after Brahms and Bruckner. | |
| 66328077 | Gustav Mahler Works | Nine Symphonies and a tenth that was unfinished, and five orchestral song cycles. | |
| 66328078 | Gustav Mahler | conducted the Vienna Opera, Metropolitan Opera in NY, and the NY Philharmonic. | |
| 66328079 | Gustav Mahler | Songs play a large role in his symphonies. | |
| 66328080 | Gustav Mahler Song Cycles | Kindertotenlieder, Das Lied von der Erde | |
| 66328081 | Strauss Opera | Salome | |
| 66328082 | Strauss Opera | Elektra | |
| 66328083 | Strauss Opera | Der Rosenkavalier | |
| 66332222 | Claude Debussy | Worked as a music critic, Studied at the Paris Conservatoire at 10 yrs, Won the Prix de Rome. | |
| 66332223 | Claude Debussy | Impressionistic and symbolistic | |
| 66332224 | Claude Debussy | Creates musical images through motives, exotic sclaesm and timbre. | |
| 66332225 | Claude Debussy's Works | L'isle joyeuse, The twenty four preludes, The afternoon of a Faun, Nocturnes (Nuages, Fetes, Sirens), La Mer. | |
| 66341315 | Claude Debussy | provided a model for later composers in his use of harmony and orchestration. | |
| 66341316 | Maurice Ravel styles | Consummate craftsmanship, Traditional forms, Diatonic melodies, Complex harmonies | |
| 66341317 | Maurice Ravel | Jeux d'eau, Miroirs, Rapsodie espagnole, Daphnis et Chloe (ballet) Pavane pour une infante defunte, Le tombeau de Couperin, String Quartet in F, Piano Trio, La Valse, Tzigane for violin and piano, The Violin Sonata, Piano Concerto for the Left hand. | |
| 66341318 | Manuel de Falla's Works | El amore brujo, El retable de maese Pedro, Concerto for Harpsichord with five solo instruments. | |
| 66341319 | Gustav Holst | Somerset Rhapsody, choral Hymns form the Rig Veda, The Planets. | |
| 66341320 | Ralph Vaughan Williams | Studied with Ravel | |
| 66341321 | Leos Janacek | leading Czech nationalist composer of the twentieth century. | |
| 66341322 | Jean Sibelius | gained an international reputation, largely based on his violin concerto and seven symphonies. | |
| 66341323 | Sergei Rachmaninov | Made his living mainly as a pianist. | |
| 66341324 | Sergei Rachmaninov work's | Twenty-four preludes, two sets of etudes-tableaux, four piano concertos, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Three symphonies, The Isle of the Dead, Prelude in G minor. | |
| 66341325 | Alexander Scriabin | Vers la flame. | |
| 66341326 | Avant-Garde | group of artists whose work is based on the newest ideas and methods. | |
| 66341327 | Futurism | The movement anticipated other later developments, including electronic music. | |
| 66347303 | Irving Berlin | prolific and best loved popular songwriters for movies musicals and revues | |
| 66347304 | Revues | Vaudeville shows with a loose collection of variety acts, remained popular. | |
| 66347305 | Cole Porter | Wrote specifically for theatre and Hollywood musicals. Lets do it, It's De-lovely, You're the Top. | |
| 66347306 | Blues | along with jazz was one of two related traditions of African American origin. | |
| 66573907 | Classic blues | Were sung by primarily by African American women | |
| 66573908 | Back Water blues | Bessie Smith | |
| 66573909 | Jazz | Established in the 1910's | |
| 66573910 | Jazz Features | Syncopation, Novel vocal and instrumental sounds, unbridled spirit that seemingly mocks social and musical properties, improv. | |
| 66573911 | New Orleans Jazz | Was the dominant jazz type just after WWI | |
| 66573912 | New Orleans Jazz | Improvises on a 12 bar blues, a 16 measure strain from rag time, or a 32 bar popular song form. | |
| 66573913 | Leading Jazz Musicians | Joe "King" Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton. | |
| 66573914 | King Oliver | West End Blues | |
| 66573915 | George Gershwin | Porgy and Bess, I got Rhythm , Of thee I sing. | |
| 66573916 | Of thee I sing won | Pulitzer Prize for Drama | |
| 66573917 | Duke Ellington | Most important composer of Jazz to date | |
| 66573918 | Duke Ellington | Studied piano, including ragtime, from age 7 | |
| 66573919 | Cotton Club | In Harlem, provided alcohol and entertainment by black performers for whites. | |
| 66573920 | Duke Ellington | Many of his works were sold as popular songs, such as Sophisticated Lady and Don't get Around Much More. | |
| 66573921 | Duke Ellington | Take the A Train, Cotton Tail. | |
| 66573922 | Max Steiner | Became one of the foremost composers in Hollywood. | |
| 66740073 | Modern Music | Written for Amateur Performers | |
| 66740074 | Les Six | Arnold Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Germaine Tailleferre, George Auric, Louis Durey. | |
| 66740075 | Arnold Honegger | Pacific 231, King David. | |
| 66740076 | Darius Milhaud | Le boeuf sur la toit, Christope Colomb, Sacred Service, La Creation du monde, Saudades do Brasil. | |
| 66740077 | Francis Poulenc | used neoclassicalism, strong influenced melodies, and mild dissonace. | |
| 66740078 | New Objectivity | The trend against the emotional intensity and complexity of the late romantics and the expressionism of Schoenberg and Berg. | |
| 66740079 | Ernst Krenek | Jonny spielt auf (opera) | |
| 66740080 | Kurt Weill | Opera composer who was an advocate of New Objectivity | |
| 66740081 | Kurt Weill Works | Die Dregroschenoper, Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny | |
| 66740082 | Reich Music Chamber | Richard Stauss was president. Organization to which all the musicians had to belong under rule of the Nazi's. | |
| 66740083 | Carl Orff | Not sympathetic toward the Nazi regime. Works include Carmina Burana. | |
| 66740084 | Paul Hindemith | Adopted the aesthetics of New Objectivity | |
| 66740085 | Paul Hindemith | Gebrauchmusik, Mathis der Maler, Ludus Tonalis, Symphonic Metamorphisis, Symphony in Bb for Band, Un cygne. | |
| 66740086 | Soviet Union | controlled all aspects of the arts and concert program was strictly regulated. | |
| 66740087 | Sergey Prokofiev | The Love for Three Oranges (opera), Lieutenant Kije, Romeo and Juliet, Peter and the Wolf, Alexander Nevsky, Piano Sonatas | |
| 66740088 | Dmitri Shostakovich | First Symphony, Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, Fifth Symphony. | |
| 66740089 | Dmitri Shostakovich | was criticized in the newspaper Pravda for his dissonacnes and lack of melody. | |
| 66740090 | Claude Champagne | First Canadian composer to acheive international repuation. | |
| 66740091 | Heitor Villa Lobos | Was the most important Brazilian composer | |
| 66740092 | Heitor Villa Lobos | Choros, Bachianas brasileiras | |
| 66740093 | Carlos Chavez | Sinfonia India, Sinfonia romantica. | |
| 66740094 | Silvestre Revueltas | Sensemaya | |
| 66740095 | Edgard Varese | Ameriques, Integrales, Ionisation, deserts, Poeme electronique. | |
| 66740096 | Henry Cowell | Many of his early works were experimental works for piano. | |
| 66740097 | Henry Cowell | The Tides of Manaunaun, The Aeolian Harp, The Banshee | |
| 66740098 | Ruth Crawford Seeger | Was the first woman to win a Guggenheim Fellowship in music. | |
| 66740099 | Aaron Copland | Jewish, Homosexual, and leftist politics, he was somewhat of an outsider. | |
| 66740100 | Aaron Copland | Music for the Theatre, Piano Concerto, El Salon Mexico, Billy the Kid, Rodeo, The Second Hurricane, Our Town, Appalachian Spring, Variations on the Shaker Hymn Simple Gifts, The Third Symphony, Piano Quartet, Piano Fantasy, Inscape. | |
| 66740101 | William Grant Stille | First African American to conduct a major orchestra in the US. | |
| 66740102 | William Grant Stille | Afro-American Symphony | |
| 66740103 | Virgil Thomson | Composer and critic for the New York Herald Tribune. | |
| 66740104 | Virgil Thomson Works | Variations on Sunday School Tunes, The Mother of Us All | |
| 66740105 | Musical Pluralism | Unprecedented experimentation and diversification in music. | |
| 66740106 | Rock and Roll | combination of unrelenting beats of rhythm and blues with the guitar background of country music. | |
| 66740107 | Rodgers and Hammerstien | Oklahoma, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I, The Sound of Music. | |
| 66740108 | Free Jazz | Built on melodic and harmonic gestures, new sounds, atonality, and improvisations on free forms. | |
| 66740109 | Avant-Garde Jazz | The style is based on very fast playing, motivic development, new sonorities, and greater dissonance and density of sound. | |
| 66740110 | Olivier Messiaen | Most importan French composer born in 20th Century | |
| 66740111 | Olivier Messiaen | Notated birdsongs and used them in his compositions. | |
| 66740112 | Olivier Messiaen | quatuor pour la fin du Temps, Liturgie de cristal. | |
| 66740113 | Benjamin Britten | Tempered modernism with simplicity and created a widely appealing idiom, homosexual. | |
| 66740114 | Benjamin Britten | War Requiem, Peter Grimes. | |
| 66740115 | Samuel Barber | Adagio for Strings, The Monk and His Cat from Hermit Songs. | |
| 66740116 | Alberto Ginastera | Most popular Latin American composer after Villa-Lobos. | |
| 66740117 | Milton Babbit | Leading serial composer and theorist in US | |
| 66740118 | Milton Babbit | Three Compositions for Piano, Third String Quartet. | |
| 66740119 | Pierre Boulez | Wrote the first European work of total serialism. Structures for two Pianos | |
| 66740120 | John Cage | His goal was to bring to music sounds that had been traditionally excluded. | |
| 66740121 | John Cage | Invented the prepared piano. | |
| 66740122 | Harry Partch | Invented a new scale with fourty three notes to the octave | |
| 66740123 | George Crumb | Ancient Voices of Children, Black Angels | |
| 66740124 | Krzysztof Penderecki | Threnody: To the victims of Hiroshima, St. Luke Passion, The Devils of London. | |
| 66740125 | Gyorgy Ligeti | Atmospheres | |
| 66740126 | Witold Lutoslawski | Uses indeterminacy selectively while maintaining ties to modernism | |
| 66740127 | Karel Husa | Music for Prague. | |
| 66740128 | Stephen Sondheim | Company, Sweeny Todd, Sunday in the Park, Assassins | |
| 66740129 | Andrew Lloyd Weber | Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, Cats, The Phantom of the Opera | |
| 66740130 | Claude-Michel Schonberg | Les Miserables, Miss Saigon. | |
| 66740131 | Jonathan Larson | Rent | |
| 66740132 | Charles Dodge | Speech Songs | |
| 66740133 | Paul Lansky | Smalltalk, Night Traffic | |
| 66740134 | Jean Claude Risset | Inharmonique | |
| 66740135 | John Williams | Star Wars | |
| 66740136 | Minimalism | Materials are reduced to a minimum and procedures are simplified. Often consists of repetition of simple elements. | |
| 66740137 | Terry Riley | Experimented with tape loops that played the same material repeatedly. | |
| 66740138 | Steve Reich | Piano Phase | |
| 66740139 | Philip Glass | Einstien on the Beach, The Voyage. | |
| 66740140 | John Adams | Phyrigian Gates for Piano, Harmonielehre, Nixon in China | |
| 66740141 | Radical Simplification | Minimalism is an example of this | |
| 66740142 | Arvo Part | Estonian composer began with neoclassical and serial works and juxtaposed modernist and Baroque styles. | |
| 66740143 | Arvo Part | Seven Magnificat Antiphons, O weicheit, O Konig aller Volker | |
| 66740144 | John Corigliano | American Composer draws upon styles from the baroque and Classic to Avant Garde | |
| 66740145 | Bright Sheng | Seven Tunes Heard in China |
