Terms : Hide Images
| 61152763 | bedouins | small groups of nomadic people in Arabia | 0 | |
| 61152764 | Muhammad | (570-632) Prophet of Islam whom Muslims recognize as Allah's messenger to all humankind. His teachings form the basis of Islam | 1 | |
| 61152765 | hegira | Mohammad's journey from Mecca to Medina | 2 | |
| 61152766 | Islam | a monotheistic religion whose prophet is Muhammad and whose holy book is the Quran; the term means "achieving peace through submission to God" | 3 | |
| 61152767 | Muslims | followers of Islam | 4 | |
| 61152768 | Quran | the sacred text of Islam | 5 | |
| 61152769 | Five Pillars of Islam | behaviors and obligations that are common to all Muslims, which include the profession of faith, the performance of five daily prayers, the giving of alms, the requirment to fast, and the journey to Mecca (or Hajj) | 6 | |
| 61152770 | mosque | a builing for Muslim prayer | 7 | |
| 61152771 | jihad | "struggle for the faith"; can be thought of as an individual or communal struggle; as the latter, the term embraces notions of defending the Muslim community and holy war | 8 | |
| 61152772 | Abu Bakr | (573-634) First Muslim caliph; as a close companion and successor to Muhammad, he unified the restive Bedouin tribes of central Arabia into a strong fighting force taht he led to Iraq and Syria | 9 | |
| 61152773 | caliph | "successor to the Prophet"; title given to the political and reigious leaders of the Muslims | 10 | |
| 61152774 | caliphate | area ruled by a caliph | 11 | |
| 61152775 | Abbasid | dynasty that overthew the Umayyad dynasty to rule to Muslim caliphate from 750-1258; for 150 years the Abbasids maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic culture and civilization flourished | 12 | |
| 61152776 | Sunnis | "people who follow the Sunna (way of the prophet)"; the largest branch of Islam; believers accepted the first four caliphs as rightful successors Muhammad | 13 | |
| 61152777 | Shia | a branch of Islam whose adherents believe that the caliphate must go to a descendent of Muhammad--particularily a member of the family of Ali | 14 | |
| 61152778 | Sufis | a branch of Islam emphasizing a personal, mystical connection with God | 15 | |
| 61152779 | Harun al-Rashid | (766-809) Fifth Abbadid caliph; under his rule, the Abbasid dybasty reached its height and Islamic culture experience a flowering | 16 | |
| 61152780 | Umayyad | (661-750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate | 17 | |
| 61152781 | merchants | the main livlihood of most Arabians (because of trade) | 18 | |
| 61152782 | Mecca | a city that was a trade center, help the Kaaba, and housed many Arabians | 19 | |
| 61152783 | Kaaba | an ancient building that was considered sacred; built into one of its walls was a stone said to be a relic from heaven; inside were idols (drew relgious pilgrimages) | 20 | |
| 61152784 | Allah | the surpreme god in Meccan relgions (even polytheistic ones) | 21 | |
| 61152785 | Muhammad ibn Abd Allah | Muhammad's full name | 22 | |
| 61152786 | Abu Talib | a wealthy clan leader who raised Muhammad when both his parents died when he was very young | 23 | |
| 61152787 | Khadijah | Muhammad's wife | 24 | |
| 61152788 | Fatimah | Muhammad's only child that survived | 25 | |
| 61152789 | 610 | year of Muhammad's famous retreat into a cave where he was visted by Allah's angel | 26 | |
| 61152790 | revelations | God's messages that angels told Muhammad to preach | 27 | |
| 61152791 | innkeepers and powerful Meccans | those who did not accept Muhammad's message at first | 28 | |
| 61152792 | 622 | year of the hegira and first mark of the Islamic calandar | 29 | |
| 61152793 | 630 | by the year___ Muhammad controlled Mecca, and his influence in the western part of the Arabian Penninsula was unmatched | 30 | |
| 61152794 | Only one god Pray 5 times a day Alms Fast Pilgramage | 5 pillars of Islam | 31 | |
| 61152795 | Ramadan | the month of fasting for Muslims | 32 | |
| 61152796 | Arafat | One cmponent of the hajj is walking to nearby Mount ____, where Muhammad is said to have delivered his last sermon | 33 | |
| 61152797 | hajj | A journy to Mecca as a pilgrimage is called the | 34 | |
| 61152798 | Jjhad | also, teh stuggle to defend the Muslim community, covnvert people to Islam, or the "holy war" | 35 | |
| 61152799 | Sunna | the record of Muhammad's behavoir and teachings; means "tradition" | 36 | |
| 61152800 | hadith | each of the individual reports in the Sunna on Muhammad's actions is known as a____ | 37 | |
| 61152801 | Sharia | teh legal system that relects the various rules by which all Muslims should live is called | 38 | |
| 61152802 | Abu Bakr | which caliph is known for bringing back the bedouin tribes whose loyalty was slipping and reunifying Arabia? | 39 | |
| 61152803 | Umar | Abu Bakr's successor who controled the Persian empire and part of teh Byzantine empire | 40 | |
| 61152804 | Ali | the cousin of Muhammad and the husband of his daughter Fatimah who lost the fight for the caliphate twice | 41 | |
| 61152805 | Uthman | caliph in 644 who was supported by the Umayyad | 42 | |
| 61152806 | Ali | who took over when Uthman was killed by rebels? | 43 | |
| 61152807 | Mu'waiya | caliph after Ali; Umyyad and Sunni | 44 | |
| 61152808 | imam | the Shia call each of Ali's successors ____ which means leader | 45 | |
| 61152809 | Yazid | Mu'waiya's son and successor; believed to have stolen the caliphate and not be a good Muslim | 46 | |
| 61152810 | Husayn | a grandon of Muhammd who led a rebellion against Yazid | 47 | |
| 61152811 | martyrdom of Husayn | What event marked the split between Sunni and Shia to be bitter hatred? | 48 | |
| 61152812 | Dome of the Rock | What did the Umayyads build in Jerusalem that became teh first great work of Islamic architecture? | 49 | |
| 61152813 | France and Constantinople | two locations the Umayyads failed to capture in military conquest. | 50 | |
| 61152814 | centralized | The Umayyads had a ________ government | 51 | |
| 61152815 | Persian-style | The Abbasids had a _________ government | 52 | |
| 61152816 | Baghdad | The location of the new capitol the Abbasids chose | 53 | |
| 61152817 | European Christians | contributed to the end of Arab unity through the Crusades in Jerusalem | 54 | |
| 61152818 | Fatimids | contributed to the end of Arab unity through blocking trade in Egypt | 55 | |
| 61152819 | Seljuk Turks | they ruled the caliphate and were Sunnis, but went on to start their own empire (contributed to end of unity) | 56 | |
| 61152820 | Mamuluks | a group who had once been enslaved soldiers took power in Egypt and Syria (contributed to the end of Arab unity) | 57 | |
| 61152821 | Mongols | 1258-an Asian people called _______ arrived at Baghdad after conquering China and Central Asia--destroyed city and caliphate | 58 | |
| 61153604 | Islam | Majpr world religion having its origins in 610 C.E. in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literally submission; based on prophecy of Muhammad. | 59 | |
| 61153605 | Muslim | follower of Islam | 60 | |
| 61153606 | Quran | Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam | 61 | |
| 61153607 | Hadith | Traditions of the prophet Muhammad | 62 | |
| 61153608 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 63 | |
| 61153609 | Umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity | 64 | |
| 61153610 | Caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad | 65 | |
| 61153611 | Sunnis | Political and theological division within Islam. | 66 | |
| 61153612 | Shi'is | Also known as the Shi'a and Shi'ites; political and theological followers within Islam; Followers of Ali | 67 | |
| 61153613 | Mawali | non- Arab converts to Islam | 68 | |
| 61153614 | Dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 69 | |
| 61153615 | Harem | the part of a Muslim palace or house reserved for the residence of women. | 70 | |
| 61153616 | Ayan | the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 71 | |
| 61153617 | Mecca | a city in West Saudi Arabia: birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam | 72 | |
| 61153618 | Medina | Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra) | 73 | |
| 61153619 | Umayyad | Clan of bedouins who controlled Mecca in 7th century C.E. that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam. | 74 | |
| 61153620 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam. | 75 | |
| 61153621 | Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims. | 76 | |
| 61153622 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 77 | |
| 61153623 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a | 78 | |
| 61153624 | Abu Bakr | One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Muslim community | 79 | |
| 61153625 | Ridda | wars that followed muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 80 | |
| 61153626 | Jihad | Struggle often used for wars in defense of the faith | 81 | |
| 61153627 | Hijra | the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the Muslim Era. | 82 | |
| 61153628 | Uthman | Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan | 83 | |
| 61153629 | Siffin | fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party | 84 | |
| 61153630 | Mu'awiya | Leader of Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following civi war with Ali. | 85 | |
| 61153631 | Karbala | Site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate | 86 | |
| 61153632 | Jizya | head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories | 87 | |
| 61153633 | Abbasids | a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling at Baghdad, a.d. 750-1258, governing most of the Islamic world and claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammad. | 88 | |
| 61153634 | Wazir | helper ("right-hand man") for a high-ranking political (and sometimes religious) advisor or minister, often to a Muslim monarch such as a Caliph or Sultan. | 89 |
