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| 600-1250 | ||
| It was the crossroads of 3 continents- Africa, Europe, and ASia | ||
| Most of it was desert (inhabited by Bedouins); only a little bit was arable | ||
| trade routes connected Arabia to the major ocean and land trade routes | ||
| A city in western Arabia | ||
| A town 200 miles north of Mecca (Hijrah) | ||
| Yathrib | ||
| Jerusalem and Cordoba. | ||
| A Muslim state that was settled in southern Spain by the Berbers after the Battle of Tours in 732 | ||
| trade goods, gold, and information about the empire | ||
| to solidify power | ||
| the leading city until Baghdad; cultural center of Islamic learning | ||
| a region of western North Africa, consisting of the Mediterranean coast lands of what is now Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria | ||
| nomadic herders who lived in clans on the desert part of the Arabian peninsula | ||
| their ideals of courage and loyalty to family and their warrior skills | ||
| the prophets | ||
| Muslims | ||
| Allah was the one and only god and that all other gods must be abandoned | ||
| messenger of Allah | ||
| Yathrib; Hijrah | ||
| political and spiritual | ||
| Mecca | ||
| A shrine in Mecca | ||
| religious community | ||
| He had taken great strides toward unifying the Arabian Peninsula under Islam | ||
| Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali | ||
| It is a title that means "successor" or "deputy" | ||
| Muhammad | ||
| The Qur'aan and Muhammad's actions | ||
| caliphate | ||
| some tribes on the Arabian Peninsula | ||
| striving | ||
| the inner struggle against evil or an armed struggle against unbelievers | ||
| Muslim armies conquered Syria, lower Egypt, and part of the Sassanid Empire | ||
| They expnaded the Muslim empire | ||
| those who did not outwardly resist the rule of the Umayyads | ||
| followers of Muhammad's example | ||
| those who thought that the caliph needed to be a descendant of the Prophet | ||
| yes | ||
| those who rejected the luxurious life of the Umayyads and pursued a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path | ||
| It was formed by Shi'a Muslims who claimed descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatimid | ||
| North Africa; it spread across the Red Sea to western Arabia and Syria | ||
| through religion, language, trade, and economy | ||
| after the caliphs | ||
| Damascus | ||
| controlling conquered territories | ||
| they thought it was too far away from their lands | ||
| yes | ||
| Abbasids | ||
| Abbasids | ||
| Spain | ||
| Baghdad | ||
| central Iraq | ||
| strong bureaucracy | ||
| treasury, department to manage army, diplomats, and taxes | ||
| people consulting religious leaders | ||
| complete political control of empire | ||
| independent Muslim states sprang up and local leaders dominated smaller regions? | ||
| Fatimids | ||
| each individual is responsible for the actions of his or her life | ||
| holy book of the Muslims | ||
| faith, prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage | ||
| no | ||
| scholar class | ||
| Muhammad's example | ||
| the body of law that is assembled from the Qur'an and sunna | ||
| extending;conquering | ||
| luxurious lifestyle, problems arose | ||
| strong bureaucracy | ||
| spread religion | ||
| House of Wisdom, poems, calligraphy, Great Mosque of Damascus, used 2 levels of arches, they translated and studied Greek texts, solved problems by conducting experiments in labs, thought math was the basis of all knowledge, most of advances in math were related to the study of astronomy |
