History Chapter 5
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| 846012006 | Second Continental Congress (1775) | met in Philadelphia (except Georgia) to support the war but disagreed about its purpose. Adams cousins and Richard Henry Lee supported independence and John Dickinson for Pa (Quaker) hoped for quick reconciliation of grievances. During the first year of fighting many began changing their minds. | 1 | |
| 846012008 | Thomas Paine's Common Sense (1776) | pamphlet written to crystallize impassioned feelings toward building support for independence. Common sense for Americans to break from Britain a country who could inflict such brutality on its citizens. | 2 | |
| 846012009 | Declaration of Independence July 4- (1776) | committee was appointed to draft a formal declaration of independence. Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Ben Franklin. To be totally absolved from Britain. | 3 | |
| 846012010 | Battle of Trenton (1776) | surprise attack on the Hessians Christmas night by Washington and his men crossing the Delaware. | 4 | |
| 846012011 | 1777 | Articles of Confederation Adopted | 5 | |
| 846012012 | British defeat at Saratoga (1777) | diplomatic turning point in the war, brings French assistance | 6 | |
| 846012013 | 1778 | French American Alliance | 7 | |
| 846012014 | 1781 | Articles of Confederation Ratified - required approval by all 13 states. Broad disagreements became evident. Small states wanted equal representation and large states wanted it to be based on population. States claiming western lands needed to turn those territories over to national gov't. Confederation lasted from 1781-1789 not a failure, not a success. Lacked powers to deal with interstate issues or enforce will on states. | 8 | |
| 846012015 | 1781 | Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown after being surrounded. | 9 | |
| 846012016 | 1783 | Treaty of Paris | 10 | |
| 902030234 | natural rights | what all humans have a right to (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness | 11 | |
| 902030235 | social contract | between citizen and government, one gives up some rights for the protection of others | 12 | |
| 902030236 | Locke | 2nd Treatise on Government (life, liberty, and property) | 13 | |
| 902030237 | Montesquieu | "power controlling power" - checks and balances | 14 | |
| 902030238 | Rosseau | social contract theorist | 15 | |
| 902030239 | The Wealth of Nations (1776) | Adam Smith , capitalism, lazziex faire, "invisible hand" | 16 | |
| 902036827 | Marquis de Lafayette | one Washington's top aides | 17 | |
| 902036828 | Comte de Grasse | French navy at Yorktown, must have | 18 | |
| 902036829 | Baron von Steuben | drill meister at Valley Forge | 19 | |
| 902059557 | Olive Branch Petition | was adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in a fortified attempt to avoid a full-blown war between the Thirteen Colonies that the Congress represented, and Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. However, the Petition succeeded the July 6 Declaration of Taking up Arms which made its efficacy in London dubious | 20 | |
| 902059558 | On Cause and Necessity of Taking Up Arms | a document issued by the Second Continental Congress on July 6, 1775, to explain why the Thirteen Colonies had taken up arms in what had become the American Revolutionary War. The final draft of the Declaration was written by John Dickinson, who incorporated language from an earlier draft by Thomas Jefferson | 21 | |
| 902072445 | Sons of Liberty | an organization of American patriots that originated in the pre-independence North American British colonies. The group was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to take to the streets against the abuses of the British government. They are best known for undertaking the Boston Tea Party in 1773 in reaction to the Tea Act, which led to the Intolerable Acts (an intense crackdown by the British government), and a counter-mobilization by the Patriots | 22 | |
| 902072446 | Committees of Observation | They became shadow government that took actual control of the colonies away from royal officials who became increasingly helpless. These committees in part grew out of the less formal Sons of Liberty groups, which started to appear in the 1760s as means to discuss and spread awareness of the concerns of the time, and often consisted of every male adult in the community. | 23 | |
| 902072447 | Virginia Declaration of Rights (George Mason) | drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to rebel against "inadequate" government. It influenced a number of later documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence (1776), the United States Bill of Rights (1789), and the French Revolution's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789). | 24 | |
| 902094029 | Sam Adams | Adams and his colleagues devised a committee of correspondence system, which linked like-minded Patriots throughout the Thirteen Colonies. Continued resistance to British policy resulted in the 1773 Boston Tea Party and the coming of the American Revolution. | 25 | |
| 902094030 | Richard Henry Lee | June 4, 1776. "Resolved: That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." | 26 | |
| 902094031 | Patrick Henry | led the opposition to the Stamp Act of 1765 and is remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech. He is regarded as one of the most influential champions of Republicanism and an invested promoter of the American Revolution and its fight for independence. | 27 | |
| 902094032 | Benjamin Franklin | "Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately." | 28 |
