A set of terms and phrases from the notes on the nervous system. Includes the spinal nerves.
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| 21417960 | astrocyte | Forms the blood-brain barrier, controls the flow of ions, nutrients, and wastes. | |
| 21417961 | Microglia | Phagocytic cells that engulf bacteria, cell debri, and pathogens | |
| 21417962 | Ependymal Cell | Produces cerebrospinal fluid | |
| 21417963 | Oligodendrocyte | Also known as Schwann cell or neurolemmocyte, forms the myelin sheath | |
| 21417964 | Afferent | Towards the central nervous system | |
| 21417965 | Efferent | away from the central nervous system | |
| 21421104 | Interneuron | Establishes connections, integrates. In the central nervous system | |
| 21421105 | Motor neuron | Multipolar neuron that forms the efferent pathway and innervates effector organs. | |
| 21421106 | Sensory Neuron | Unipolar neuron that forms the afferent pathway, carrying sensory signals to the central nervous system | |
| 21421107 | Bipolar Neuron | Neuron with one dendrite, one Axon, and is located in the retina, olfactory, and ear. | |
| 21421108 | Peripheral Nervous system | Consists of all neurons not included in the brain and spinal cord | |
| 21421109 | Ganglion | Gray matter (cell bodies and/or synapses) in the peripheral nervous system | |
| 21421110 | Somatic Nervous System | Receives signals from sensory organs and sends signals to somatic effectors, such as skeletal muscle. "Voluntary" | |
| 21421111 | Visceral | internal; that which we have no control over. Includes the brain, heart, lungs, etc., pertaining to the internal organs | |
| 21421112 | Autonomic Nervous System | Includes the PsNS and SNS; provides the dual innervation of the visceral effectors | |
| 21421113 | Plexus | Network | |
| 21421114 | Perikaryon | Cell body of a neuron | |
| 21421115 | Gray Matter | Unmyelinated nerve fibers | |
| 21421116 | White Matter | Myelinated nerve fibers | |
| 21421117 | Dorsal Root Ganglion | Contains the cell body of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves. | |
| 21421118 | Commissure | connection between divisions of the CNS, such as the anterior white commissure and the corpus callosum. | |
| 21421119 | Corpus Callosum | A white commissure between the hemispheres of the cerebrum | |
| 21421120 | neuromuscular junction | the synapse between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies | |
| 21421121 | Neuroglandular junction | the synapse between a neuron and a gland. | |
| 21421122 | Neuro-neuronal junction | the synapse between two neurons | |
| 21421123 | acetylcholine | the neurotransmitter of the preganglionic neurons in both the SNS and PsNS, also the post ganglionic neurotransmitter of the PsNS | |
| 21421124 | Nicotinic | Membrane receptor of the post ganglionic cell in the ANS. | |
| 21426360 | Cholinergic | synapse with Acetylcholine as it's neurotransmitter | |
| 21426361 | Muscarinic Excitatory | Membrane receptor for PsNS, increases activity of effector organ when bound by acetylcholine | |
| 21426362 | Muscarinic inhibitory | Membrane receptor for PsNS, inhibits activity of effector organ when bound by acetylcholine | |
| 21426363 | Beta receptor | Membrane receptor for norepinephrine, decreases activity, except in the heart. | |
| 21426364 | Alpha receptor | Membrane receptor for norepinephrine that increases activity. | |
| 21426365 | Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter in the Sympathetic Nervous system. | |
| 21426366 | CN I Olfactory | Receives signals from the chemoreceptors of the olfactory membrane | |
| 21426367 | CN II Optic | Receives signals from the photoreceptors of the retina | |
| 21426368 | CN III Oculomotor | Innervates superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique. Visceral effectors: ciliary muscle of the Iris, and circular muscle of the pupil | |
| 21426369 | CN IV Trochlear | Innervates the superior oblique muscle. | |
| 21426370 | CN V Trigeminal | receives from the scalp, face, and mouth. Innervates the muscles of the jaw involved in mastication. | |
| 21426371 | CN VI Abducens | innervates the lateral rectus of the eye. | |
| 21426372 | CN VII Facial | innervates most facial muscles, lacrimal gland, and 2 salivary glands. Receives signals from anterior 2/3 of tongue | |
| 21426373 | CN VIII Vestibulocochlear | Receives signals from the organ of corti (cochlea) and the vestibule. Sense of hearing and balance. | |
| 21426374 | CN IX Glossopharyngeal | Receives from the taste receptors on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue; innervates the parotid salivary gland and muscles involved in swallowing | |
| 21426375 | CN X Vagus | Sensory: Visceral organ sensory of heart, lungs, trachea, GI tract, pharynx, larynx (feel throat structures when swallowing). Motor: skeletal muscles of swallowing, visceral organs, muscles of vocal cords (swallowing, Gag Reflex) | |
| 21426376 | CN XI Spinal Accessory | Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. | |
| 21426377 | CN XII Hypoglossal | Innervates the skeletal muscle of the tongue. | |
| 21426378 | Fovia | The point on the retina on which the light is focused. | |
| 21426379 | Optic Disc | the "blind spot" at which the optic nerve exits the eye. | |
| 21426380 | Anterior Median Fissure | deep, wide groove on the anterior side of Spinal Cord | |
| 21426381 | Posterior Median Sulcus | shallower, narrow groove on the posterior side of Spinal Cord | |
| 21426382 | Central Canal | The narrow cavity in the center of the spinal cord that is continuous with the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain. | |
| 21426383 | Dura Mater | the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges | |
| 21426384 | Arachnoid Mater | middle layer of the meninges | |
| 21426385 | Pia Mater | The protective covering adhering to the surface of the spinal cord and CNS tissue. | |
| 21426386 | Posterior Horn | The area of the gray matter in the spinal cord in which somatic sensory neurons synapse | |
| 21426387 | Posterior Portion of the Lateral Horn | The area of the gray matter in the spinal cord in which visceral sensory neurons synapse | |
| 21426388 | Anterior Portion of the Lateral Horn | The area of the gray matter in the spinal cord in which visceral motor neurons synapse | |
| 21426389 | Anterior Horn | The area of the gray matter in the spinal cord in which somatic motor neurons synapse | |
| 21426390 | Paravertebral ganglion | Sympathetic chain of neurons that run parallel to the spinal cord. |
