hey guys I combined the vocab with other stuff that we need to learn for friday's test!
make sure you review the set and
LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM OF THE BRAIN AND NEURON.
Terms : Hide Images
| 217478058 | nerves | neural "cables" containing many axons. these bundled axons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs | |
| 217478059 | biological psychology | branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior | |
| 217478060 | peripheral nervous system | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body | |
| 217478061 | MRI | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain | |
| 217478062 | temporal lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which recieves auditory information primarily from the opposite ear | |
| 217478063 | pituitary gland | the endocrine system's most influential glad; responsible for regulating growth and control of other endocrine glands. *Can secrete any hormone*. the "master gland" | |
| 217478064 | neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system | |
| 217478065 | dendrite | the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that recieve messages and conduct impulses towards the cell body | |
| 217478066 | interneurons | central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs | |
| 217478067 | medulla | the base of the brainstem; controls the heart-beat and breathing | |
| 217478068 | sensory-neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system | |
| 217478069 | motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands | |
| 217478070 | brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain; beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions | |
| 217478071 | motor cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements | |
| 217478072 | sensory cortex | the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations | |
| 217478073 | PET | a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task | |
| 217478074 | occipital lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; responsible for sight and processing visual information | |
| 217478075 | adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys that secrete the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine which help arouse the body in times of stress | |
| 217478076 | axon | the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands | |
| 217478077 | central nervous system | nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal chord | |
| 217478078 | somatic nervous system | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles | |
| 217478079 | CT scan | scan that combines a series of X-ray views taken from many different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the bones and soft tissues inside your body | |
| 217478080 | parietal lobes | portion of the brain responsible for sensory interpretation | |
| 217478081 | hormones | chemical messengers, mostly manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another | |
| 217478083 | association areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functionsl rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking | |
| 217478084 | reticular formation | a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal | |
| 217478085 | autonomic nervous system | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs | |
| 217478086 | electroencephalogram | an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp | |
| 217478087 | myelin sheath | a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses | |
| 217478088 | nervous system | the body's speedy electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system | |
| 217478089 | endorphins | natural opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure | |
| 217478090 | action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon | |
| 217478091 | sympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations | |
| 217478092 | lesion | tissue destruction | |
| 217478093 | frontal lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking, muscle movements and making plans and judgements | |
| 217478094 | thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla | |
| 217478095 | aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage | |
| 217478096 | endocrine system | system of the body that is known as the "slow" system, responsible for the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters | |
| 217478097 | split brain | a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers | |
| 217478098 | broca's area | area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that controls language expression and speech | |
| 217478099 | cerebellum | the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem, its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance | |
| 217478100 | cerebral cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres: area of the brain that serves as the body's ultimate control and information-processing center | |
| 217478101 | parasympathetic nervous system | the body system that calm the body down after arousal | |
| 217478102 | neural networks | interconnected neural cells | |
| 217478103 | threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a nerual impulse | |
| 217478104 | acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction | |
| 217478105 | reflex | a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response | |
| 217478106 | hypothalmus | a neural structure lying below the thalamus: responsible for fighting, feeding, fleeing, fertilizing | |
| 217478107 | amygdala | two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion, more specifically anger fear and aggression | |
| 217478108 | limbic system | a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheresl associated with emotions asuch as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalmus | |
| 217478109 | synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the recieving neuron | |
| 217478110 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. | |
| 217478111 | Wernicke's area | area of the brain involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe | |
| 217478112 | plasticity | the brains capacity for modification, as evident in brain repair following damage. the younger the age, the quicker the procedure | |
| 217478113 | corpus callosum | the large band of neural fivers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them | |
| 222977606 | nucleus | part of the neuron that decides whether neurotransmitter should be passed on | |
| 222977607 | glial cells | what the myelin sheath is made out of | |
| 222977608 | nodes of ranvier | part of the neuron that speeds up the action potential | |
| 222977609 | axon terminals | part of the neuron that relays neurotransmitters to other neuron's dendrites | |
| 222977610 | reuptake | cycle process of neurotransmitters re-entering axon terminals | |
| 222977611 | alzeheimers | disease where the subject loses memory; caused by too little acetylcholine | |
| 222977612 | convulsions | what happens when a subject has too much acetylcholine | |
| 222977613 | dopamine | neurotransmitter responsible for movement, learning, attention, and emotion* too much can lead to schizophrenia, addiction, and euphoria, while too little can cause parkinson's disease | |
| 222977614 | serotonin | neurotransmitter responsible for mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. too little causes depression and too much causes mania | |
| 222977615 | 6-8 weeks | amount of time it takes to see if an anti-depressant works | |
| 222977616 | norepinephrine | neurotransmitter responsible for alertness* and arousal. too little cause depression, too much causes stress | |
| 222977617 | GABA | neurotransmitter that inhibits functions of other neurotransmitters. too much causes anxiety disorders and too much causes eat/sleep disorders | |
| 222977618 | hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, pituitary gland | four main parts of the limbic system | |
| 222977619 | hippocampus | part of the brain responsible for forming memories | |
| 222977620 | apgraphia | loss of ability to write | |
| 222977621 | 200 million | amount of fibers in the corpus callosum | |
| 222977622 | left hemisphere | side of the brain associated with language and logic | |
| 222977623 | right hemisphere | part of the brain associated with art/visual-spacial | |
| 222977624 | hypothyroid condition | thyroid works under normal condition, results in a slower metabolism | |
| 222977625 | hyperthyroid condition | thyroid works above normal condition, results in a higher metabolism | |
| 222977626 | parathyroid | gland of the endocrine system that regulates calcium in the blood. *errors with this gland can result in kidney stones* | |
| 223577116 | Sperry | person who conducted a study on the split brain | |
| 223577117 | right hemisphere | part of the brain that controls the left side of your body | |
| 223577118 | left hemisphere | part of the brain that controls the right side of your body |
