Chapter 10 Key Terms and Definitions
Terms : Hide Images
| 855111859 | retinofugal projection | A neural pathway that carries information from the retina to the superior colliculus | 0 | |
| 855111860 | optic nerve | The bundle of ganglion cell axons that passes from the eye to the optic chiasm | 1 | |
| 855111861 | optic chiasm | The structure in which the right and left optic nerves converge and partially decussate (cross) to form the optic tracts | 2 | |
| 855111862 | decussation | The crossing of a fiber bundle from one side of the brain to the other | 3 | |
| 855111863 | optic tract | A collection of retinal ganglion cell axons stretching from the optic chiasm to the brain stem. Important targets of the optic tract are the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus | 4 | |
| 855111864 | visual hemifield | The half of the visual field to one side of the fixation point | 5 | |
| 855111865 | binocular visual field | The portion of the visual field viewed by both eyes | 6 | |
| 855111866 | lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) | A thalamic nucleus that relays information from the retina to the primary visual cortex | 7 | |
| 855111867 | optic radiation | A collection of axons coursing from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex | 8 | |
| 855111868 | superior colliculus | A structure in the tectum of the midbrain that receives direct retinal input and controls saccadic eye movements | 9 | |
| 855111869 | optic tectum | A term used to describe the superior colliculus, particularly in nonmammalian vertebrates | 10 | |
| 855111870 | retinotectal projection | A neural pathway that carries information from the retina to the superior colliculus | 11 | |
| 855111871 | magnocellular LGN layer | A layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus receiving synaptic input from M-type retina ganglion cells | 12 | |
| 855111872 | parvocellular LGN layer | A layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus receiving synaptic input from P-type retinal ganglion cells | 13 | |
| 855111873 | koniocellular LGN layer | A layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus containing very small cells, lying just ventral to each magnocellular and parvocellular layer | 14 | |
| 855111874 | primary visual cortex | Brodmann's area 17, located at the pole of the occipital lobe; also called striate cortex and V1 | 15 | |
| 855111875 | area 17 | Primary visual cortex | 16 | |
| 855111876 | V1 | Primary visual cortex or striate cortex | 17 | |
| 855111877 | striate cortex | Primary visual cortex, Brodmann's area 17; also called V1 | 18 | |
| 855111878 | retinotopy | The topographic organization of visual pathways in which neighboring cells on the retina send information to neighboring cells in a target structure | 19 | |
| 855111879 | ocular dominance column | A region of striate cortex receiving information predominantly from one eye | 20 | |
| 855111880 | cytochrome oxidase | A mitochondrial enzyme concentrated in cells that form the blobs in primary visual cortex | 21 | |
| 855111881 | blob | A collection of cells, mainly in primary visual cortical layers II and III, characterized by a high level of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase | 22 | |
| 855111882 | binocular receptive field | The receptive field of a neuron that responds to stimulation of either eye | 23 | |
| 855111883 | orientation selectivity | The property of a cell in the visual system that responds to a limited range of stimulus orientations | 24 | |
| 855111884 | orientation column | A column of visual cortical neurons stretching from layer II to layer VI that responds best to the same stimulus orientation | 25 | |
| 855111885 | direction selectivity | The property of cells in the visual system that respond only when stimuli move within a limited range of directions | 26 | |
| 855111886 | simple cell | A neuron found in primary visual cortex that has an elongated orientation-selective receptive field with distinct ON and OFF subregions | 27 | |
| 855111887 | complex cell | A type of visual cortical neuron that has an orientation-selective receptive field without distinct ON and OFF subregions | 28 | |
| 855111888 | magnocellular pathway | A visual information-processing pathway that begins with M-type retinal ganglion cells and leads to layer IVB of striate cortex; believed to process information about object motion and motor actions | 29 | |
| 855111889 | parvo-interblob pathway | A visual information-processing pathway that beings with P-type retinal ganglion cells and leads to the interblob regions of striate cortical layer III; believed to process information about fine object shape | 30 | |
| 855111890 | blob pathway | A visual information-processing pathway that passes through the parvocellular and koniocellular layers of the LGN and converges on the blobs of striate cortical layer III; believed to process information about object color | 31 | |
| 855111891 | cortical module | The unit of cerebral cortex that is necessary and sufficient to analyze one discrete point in a sensory surface | 32 | |
| 855111892 | area MT | An area of neocortex, at the junction of the parietal and temporal lobes, that receives input from primary visual cortex and appears to be specialized for the processing of object motion; also called V5 | 33 | |
| 855111893 | area V4 | An area of neocortex, anterior to striate cortex, that is in the ventral visual processing stream and appears to be important for both shape perception and color perception | 34 | |
| 855111894 | area IT | An area of neocortex, on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, that is part of the ventral visual processing stream; contains neurons with responses to complex objects, including faces, and appears to be involved in visual memory | 35 |
