Terms : Hide Images
| 8093840075 | Neurons | Nerve cells |  | 0 |
| 8093840076 | Dendrites | Parts of neurons that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |  | 1 |
| 8093840077 | Axon | Extension of a neuron through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands |  | 2 |
| 8093840078 | Myelin sheath | layer of fatty tissue encasing the fibers of many neurons; speeds up neural impulses |  | 3 |
| 8093840081 | Synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |  | 4 |
| 8093840082 | Synaptic Gap | aka cleft; the tiny gap at the junction of a synapse |  | 5 |
| 8093840083 | Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons |  | 6 |
| 8093840085 | Acetylcholine (ACh) | NT that enables muscle action, learning, and memory - undersupply, as ACh-producing neurons deteriorate, marks Alzheimer's disease | 7 | |
| 8093840086 | Dopamine | NT that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion - excess linked to schizophrenia; not enough, the brain produces the tremors and decreased mobility of Parkinson's disease | 8 | |
| 8093840087 | Serotonin | NT that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal - undersupply linked to depression; Prozac and some other antidepressant drugs raise it's levels | 9 | |
| 8093840088 | Parietal Lobe | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; includes the sensory cortex; important role in integrating info from different senses to build a coherent picture of the world |  | 10 |
| 8093840089 | Temporal Lobe | portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes auditory areas (receives info from opposite ears) and substructures whose functions include perception, face recognition, memory, emotional reactions |  | 11 |
| 8093840090 | Frontal Lobe | portion of the cerebral cortex lying behind the forehead (front of brain); responsible for planning, making judgments, speaking, muscle movements; "higher" cognitive functions |  | 12 |
| 8093840091 | Occipital Lobe | portion of the cerebral cortex at the back of the head; visual areas; receives visual information from the opposite side |  | 13 |
| 8093840092 | Brainstem | oldest part and central core of the brain; begins where the spinal cord enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure); includes pons, medulla oblongata , midbrain |  | 14 |
| 8093840093 | Medulla Oblongata | base of the brainstem; controls heart rate and breathing |  | 15 |
| 8093840095 | Thalamus | top of the brainstem; brain's sensory switch board; directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the medulla and cerebellum |  | 16 |
| 8093840096 | Cerebellum | "little brain;" controls voluntary movements and balance; extends from the back of the brainstem |  | 17 |
| 8093840097 | Amygdala | two almond shaped clusters of the limbic system; linked to emotion (aggression and fear); links areas of cortex that process "higher" cognitive info w/ hypothalamic and brainstem systems that control "lower" metabolic response (touch, pain sensitivity, respiration) - "fight or flight" |  | 18 |
| 8093840098 | Hypothalamus | Neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs maintenance activities (hunger, thirst, body temp); helps govern endocrine system via pituitary gland; linked to emotion; part of limbic system |  | 19 |
| 8093840099 | Hippocampus | Most closely aligned to memory formation; early storage place for LTM, involved in the transition of LTM to even more permanent memory; also important in spatial navigation; part of limbic system |  | 20 |
| 8093840100 | Cerebral cortex | intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; body's ultimate control and information-processing center |  | 21 |
| 8093840101 | Motor cortex | area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movement; left hemisphere controls right side and vice versa |  | 22 |
| 8093840102 | Sensory cortex | area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations; left hemisphere receives information from right side and vice versa |  | 23 |
