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| 7206806716 | Chief Complaint (CC) | The reason why patient came to see the physician. | 0 | |
| 7206806717 | Dorsal Recumbent Position | Patient is on his/her back with knees flexed and soles of the feet flat on the bed. |  | 1 |
| 7206806718 | History of present illness (HPI) | An explanation of the chief complaint to determine the onset of the illness; associated symptoms; what the patient has done to threat the condition, etc | 2 | |
| 7206806719 | Horizontal Recumbent Position | Used for most physical examination. The patient lies on his/her back with legs extended. |  | 3 |
| 7206806720 | Fowler's Position | Used to promote drainage or to ease breathing. A setting or semi-setting position where the back of the examination tableis elevated to either 45 degrees (Semi-Fowler's) or 90 degrees (High- Fowler's) |  | 4 |
| 7206806721 | Dorsal Lithotomy Position | Used for examination of pelvic organs. Legsare well separated and thighs are acutely flexed. Feet usually placed in stirrups or bath blanket is placed crooswise over thighs and legs. |  | 5 |
| 7206806722 | Prone Position | Used to examine the spine and back. The patient lies on his/her abdomen with head turned to one side for comfort, the arms may ba above head or alongside the body. |  | 6 |
| 7206806723 | Sim's Position | Used for rectal examination. The patient is on his/her left side with right knee flexed against the abdomen and the left knee slightly flexed. |  | 7 |
| 7206806724 | Knee-chest Position | Used for rectal and vaginal examinations and as treatment to bring the uterus into normal position. On his/her knees with his/her chest resting on the bed and elbows resting on the bed or arms above head. |  | 8 |
| 7206806725 | Trendelenburg position | The patient is placed flat on the back, face up, the knees flexed and legs hanging off the end of the table, with the legs and feet supported by a footboard. |  | 9 |
| 7206806726 | Body processes necessary for life: | Body temperature Respiration Heart function | 10 | |
| 7206806727 | Vital signs of body function | Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood pressure | 11 | |
| 7206806728 | Rectal | Normal Range: 98.6F TO 100.6F | 12 | |
| 7206806729 | Oral | Normal Range: 97.6F to 99.6F | 13 | |
| 7206806730 | Axillary | Normal Range: 96.6F to 98.6F | 14 | |
| 7206806731 | Tympanic Membrane | Normal Range: 98.6F | 15 | |
| 7206806732 | Febrile | Presence of fever | 16 | |
| 7206806733 | Afebrile | Absence of fever | 17 | |
| 7206806734 | Intermittent (Fever) | Fluctuating fever that returns to or below baseline then rises again | 18 | |
| 7206806735 | Remittent (Fever) | Fluctuating fever that remains elevated; it does not return to baseline temperature | 19 | |
| 7206806736 | Continuous (Fever) | a fever that remains constant above the baseline; it does not fluctuate | 20 | |
| 7206806737 | Types of fever | Intermittent Remittent Continuous | 21 | |
| 7206806738 | Body Temperature | A balance between heat production and heat loss in conjunction with each other, maintained and regulated by the hypothalamus. | 22 | |
| 7206806739 | normal adult pulse rate | Between 60 to 100 beats per minute | 23 | |
| 7206806740 | normal respiration rate | Between 12 to 20 per minute | 24 | |
| 7206806741 | Apnea | A temporary complete absence of breathing which may be a result of reduction in the stimuli to the respiratory centers of the brain | 25 | |
| 7206806742 | Tachypnea | A respiration rate of greater than 40/min. It is transient in the newborn and maybe caused by the hysteria in the adult. | 26 | |
| 7206806743 | Bradypnea | decrease in numbers of respirations. This occurs during sleep. It may also be due to certain diseases. | 27 | |
| 7206806744 | Hypoventilation | State in which reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in decreased oxygen level and increased carbon dioxide level in blood. | 28 | |
| 7206806745 | Hyperventilation | state in which there is an increased amount of air entering the lungs | 29 | |
| 7206806746 | Hyperpnea | abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing | 30 | |
| 7206806747 | Cheyne-Stokes | A regular pattern of irregular breathing rate | 31 | |
| 7206806748 | Orthopnea | Difficulty or inability to breath unless in an upright position | 32 | |
| 7206806749 | Blood pressure | The measurement of the amount of force exerted by the blood on the peripheral arterial walls and is expressed in millimeters (mm) of mercury (Hg) | 33 | |
| 7206806750 | Systole | Highest reading in blood pressure | 34 | |
| 7206806751 | Diastole | Lowest reading in blood pressure | 35 | |
| 7206806752 | common errors when taking blood pressure | Improper cuff size The arm is not at heart level Cuff is not completely deflated before use Deflation of the cuff is faster that 2-3 mmHg per second The cuff is re-inflated during the procedure Improper cuff placement Defective equipment | 36 | |
| 7206806753 | Principles of physical examination | Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation | 37 | |
| 7206806754 | Inspection | provides an enormous amount of information | 38 | |
| 7206806755 | Palpation | The examiner uses the sense of touch to determine the characteristics of an organ system. | 39 | |
| 7206806756 | Percussion | Involves tapping or striking the body, usually with the fingers or small hammer to determine the position, size and density of the underlying organ or tissue | 40 | |
| 7206806757 | Auscultation | Involves listening to sounds produced by internal organs. It is usually done to evaluate the heart, lungs, and the abdomen. | 41 | |
| 7206806758 | Medical Assistant's role in the physical examination | Room preparation Patient preparation | 42 | |
| 7206806759 | Physician's sources of utilizing diagnosis | The patient's health history The physical examination Laboratory test | 43 | |
| 7206806760 | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | Responsible for the identification of the various hazards present in the workplace and for the creation of rules and regulation to minimize exposure to such hazards. | 44 | |
| 7206806761 | External Hemorrhage | Controlling the bleeding is most effectively accomplished by elevating the affect part above heart level and applying direct pressure to the wound. | 45 | |
| 7206806762 | Shock occurs | Insufficient return of blood flow to the heart, resulting in inadequate supply of oxygen to all organs and tissues of the body. | 46 | |
| 7206806763 | common symptoms of Shock | Pale, cold, clammy skin Rapid, weak pulse, Increased, shallow breathing rate | 47 | |
| 7206806764 | Shock's first aid | -Maintain an open airway -Call for assistance -Keep the victim lying down with the head lower than the rest of the body -Attempt to control bleeding or cause of shock (if known) -Keep the victim warm until help arrives | 48 | |
| 7206806765 | infection control | the transmission of infectious diseases will be prevented or stopped when any level in the chain is broken or interrupted. | 49 | |
| 7206806766 | Agents | Infectious microorganisms that can be classified into groups namely: viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites | 50 | |
| 7206806767 | Portal of exit | the method by which an infectious agent leaves its reservoir | 51 | |
| 7206806768 | Mode of transmission | specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host | 52 | |
| 7206806769 | types of mode of transmission | Contact: direct and indirect Droplet Airborne Common vehicle Vectorborne | 53 | |
| 7206806770 | Portal of entry | Allows the infectious agent access to the susceptible host. | 54 | |
| 7206806771 | common portal of entry site | -Broken skin -Mucous membranes -Body system exposed to the external environmental such as respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive | 55 | |
| 7206806772 | methods limit the transmission of the infectious agents | -Sterile wound care -Transmission wound precaution -Aseptic technique | 56 | |
| 7206806773 | Susceptible host | The infectious agent enters a person who is not resistant or immune | 57 | |
| 7206806774 | Medical Asepsis | The destruction of pathogenic microorganism after they leave the body | 58 | |
| 7206806775 | methods of medical asepsis | Standard Precautions Transmission-Based Precautions | 59 | |
| 7206806776 | Disinfection | Procedure used in medical asepsis using various chemicals that can be used to destroy many pathogenic microorganisms. | 60 | |
| 7206806777 | What are the limitations when using boiling water (212 F) for disinfection in today's medical setting? | -will not be used in invasive procedures -will not be inserted into body orifices nor be used in a sterile procedure | 61 | |
| 7206806778 | methods of sterilization | -Gas sterilization -Dry Heat sterilization -Chemical sterilization -Steam sterilization | 62 | |
| 7206806779 | Gas sterilization | Often used for wheelchair and hospital beds. | 63 | |
| 7206806780 | Dry Heat sterilization | requires higher temperature that steam sterilization but longer exposure times. Used for instruments that easily corrodes | 64 | |
| 7206806781 | Chemical sterilization | Uses the same chemical used for chemical disinfection, but the exposure is longer | 65 | |
| 7206806782 | Steam sterilization (autoclave) | Uses steam under pressure to obtain high temperature of 250-254F with exposure times of 20-40 minutes defending on the item being sterilized | 66 | |
| 7206806783 | Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | -Masks -Goggles -Face shields -Respirator | 67 | |
| 7206806784 | Standard Precautions | An infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using barrier protection and work control practices. | 68 | |
| 7206806785 | Contact Precautions | Designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms by direct or indirect contact | 69 | |
| 7206806786 | direct-contact transmission | Involves skin-to-skin contact and physical transfer of microorganism to a susceptible host from an infected or colonized person. | 70 | |
| 7206806787 | Indirect-contact transmission | Involves contact with a contaminated intermediate object in the patient's environment | 71 | |
| 7206806788 | Airborne Precautions | Designed to reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infectious agents | 72 | |
| 7206806789 | Required to prevent airborne transmission | -Special air handling -Ventilation | 73 | |
| 7206806790 | Droplet precautions | Designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agent. | 74 | |
| 7206806791 | droplet transmission involves contact | with the conjunctivae or the mucous membranes of the nose or mouth of a susceptible person with large particle droplet generated from the source person primarily during coughing, sneezing or talking | 75 | |
| 7206806792 | PO | by mouth or orally | 76 | |
| 7206806793 | PR | per rectum or by way of the rectum | 77 | |
| 7206806794 | SL | sublingual (under the tongue) | 78 | |
| 7206806795 | IV | intravenous | 79 | |
| 7206806796 | IM | intramuscular (in the muscle) | 80 | |
| 7206806797 | SQ | short of the subcutaneous ( meaning under the skin) | 81 | |
| 7206806798 | qd | every day | 82 | |
| 7206806799 | bid | twice a day | 83 | |
| 7206806800 | tid | three times a day | 84 | |
| 7206806801 | qid | four times a day | 85 | |
| 7206806802 | pc | after meals or not on a empty stomach | 86 | |
| 7206806803 | qhs | each night | 87 | |
| 7206806804 | prn | as needed | 88 | |
| 7206806805 | Endocardium | the innermost layer of the heart | 89 | |
| 7206806806 | function of the endocardium | To prevent blood cells destruction and clotting | 90 | |
| 7206806807 | Myocardium | the middle and contractile layer of the heart | 91 | |
| 7206806808 | Heart skeleton | made up of four rings of thick connective tissues | 92 | |
| 7206806809 | Pericardium | the outermost layer of the heart | 93 | |
| 7206806810 | Four chambers of the heart | Right atria Left atria Right Ventricle Left Ventricle | 94 | |
| 7206806811 | Purpose of heart valves | To prevent backflow of blood thereby assuring uni-directional flow thru the heart | 95 | |
| 7206806812 | Characteristics of AV cusped valves | tough fibrous rings long and strong leaflets (cuspids) Accessory organs such as papillary muscles and chordae tendinae | 96 | |
| 7206806813 | Atrioventricular valves (AV) | located between the atria and ventricles | 97 | |
| 7206806814 | Tricuspid valve | located between the right atrium and the right ventricle | 98 | |
| 7206806815 | Bicuspids Mitral Valve | located between the left atrium and left ventricle | 99 | |
| 7206806816 | Pulmonic Valve | located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk | 100 | |
| 7206806817 | Aortic valve | located between the left ventricle and aorta | 101 | |
| 7206806818 | The first branches coming out of Aorta and supply the heart with oxygenated blood | The right and left coronary arteries | 102 | |
| 7206806819 | Two branches of the left coronary arteries | Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery Left Circumflex (LCX) artery | 103 | |
| 7206806820 | Systole | the period of contractions of both Arial and Ventricles | 104 | |
| 7206806821 | Diastole | The period of relaxation and filling of all cardiac chambers | 105 | |
| 7206806822 | heart sound causes | Closure of the heart valve | 106 | |
| 7206806823 | S1 first heart sound (Lubb) | occurs during ventricle contraction and the closure of AV valves | 107 | |
| 7206806824 | S2 second heart sound (Dupp) | occurs during ventricular relaxation when SL valves (Pulmonary and Aortic Valves) close. | 108 | |
| 7206806825 | heart murmur causes | By diseases of the valves or other structural abnormalities | 109 | |
| 7206806826 | Heart Rate | the number of heart contractions per minute | 110 | |
| 7206806827 | Normal heart rate | between 60 to 100 | 111 | |
| 7206806828 | the heart rate controls | Chemo-receptors(chemical sensors) Baro-receptors (pressure receptors) located in Aortic Arch and Carotid arteries | 112 | |
| 7206806829 | The heart is under the influence by the | Autonomic nervous system (ANS) | 113 | |
| 7206806830 | Autonomic nervous system (ANS) are divided into | Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous System | 114 | |
| 7206806831 | Heart as a Pump | The blood volume ejected outside the heart is equal to the blood volume returning back into the heart | 115 | |
| 7206806832 | Stroke Volume (preload) | the blood volume ejected outside the ventricle after each contraction | 116 | |
| 7206806833 | The stroke volume depends on | -the volume of blood returning into the heart -the force of the myocardium contraction -Vascular resistance (after load) | 117 | |
| 7206806834 | Starling law | The greater the volume of the blood inside the heart during diastole, the stronger the heart contraction force during the systole | 118 | |
| 7206806835 | Cardiac Output | The amount of blood ejected outside the heart per minute | 119 | |
| 7206806836 | Peripheral Vascular Resistance | The force exerted against the blood flow and is determined by the diameter of the vessel | 120 | |
| 7206806837 | How many minutes do you need to wait when taking an oral temperature in patients who have just finished eating, drinking or smoking? | 30 minutes | 121 | |
| 7206806838 | Oral Temperature | the most common method of measuring the temperature | 122 | |
| 7206806839 | Oral temperature is not taken from the following patients: | -Infants and children less than six years old -Surgery, or facial, neck, nose or mouth injury -Receiving oxygen -with nasogastric tubes -with convulsive seizure -hemiplegic -with altered mental status | 123 | |
| 7206806840 | Rectal Temperature | Taken when oral temperature is not feasible | 124 | |
| 7206806841 | Rectal temperature is not taken from the following patients: | -with heart disease -with rectal disease or disorder or has had rectal surgery -with diarrhea | 125 | |
| 7206806842 | Apical Pulse | more accurate measurement of the heart and it is taken over the apex of the heart by auscultation using the stethoscope | 126 | |
| 7206806843 | Apical pulse is used | For patients with irregular heart rate and for infants and small children | 127 | |
| 7206806844 | counting respiration | It is counted for 30 seconds multiplied by two or for a full minute | 128 | |
| 7206806845 | Counts as one respiration | One inspiration (inhale) and one expiration (exhale) | 129 | |
| 7206806846 | Respiratory rhythm | Refers to the pattern of breathing. | 130 | |
| 7206806847 | Axillary Temperature | least accurate and it is taken only when no other temperature site can be used | 131 | |
| 7206806848 | Tympanic Temperature | useful for children and confused patients because of the speed of operation of the tympanic thermometer | 132 |
