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| 114812656 | Olive Brach Petition | request that the king repeal the intolerable Act in exchange for an assurance of colonial loyalty to Britain | |
| 114812657 | Second Continental Congress | The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775. Three delegates added to the Congress were Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and John Hancock. The Congress took on governmental duties. (United all the colonies for the war effort.) They selected George Washington as Commander in Chief. They encouraged the colonies to set themselves up as states. On July 4, 1776 they adopted the Declaration of Independence. The Congress ended March 1, 1781 when a Congress authorized by the Articles of Confederation took over. | |
| 114812658 | George Washington | Had desire to further unite colonies, General Commander of the colonial army during the Revolutionary War. He was elected the 1st president of the U.S. in 1789. commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) Appointed George Washington from Virginia as commander | |
| 114812659 | Thomas Jefferson | Also Had the desire to further unite colonies , 3rd President of the United States. chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826) | |
| 114812660 | Green Mountain Boys | Group who was led by Ethan Allen and captured at Fort Ticonderoga | |
| 114812661 | Continental Army | the American army during the American Revolution | |
| 114812662 | Colonial Advantages | Good commanders. Defending Army. Determined to win. Owned good rifles. Guerilla Warfare. | |
| 114812663 | Colonial Disadvantages | Not all of soldiers wanted to rebel. Poorly organized. Untrained army No navy. Law on money, weapons and gun powder. Could not fight British army Napolionicaly. | |
| 114812664 | Colonial Advantages : How they played out throughout the war | They had good commanders: washington learned from mistakes... example is he switched from napolionic to Guerilla warfare they had a defending army knew the land did not have to wait for more troops or supplies did not have to conquer all the land they were determined to win they wanted independence and would not give up Owned good rifles had better shot could kill more people easier they used Guerilla Warfare and were good what is and the british were bad at Guerilla warfare | |
| 114812665 | Colonial Disadvantage: How they played out throughout the war. | Some colonist especially in south were loyalists. Not all were enlisted in the army. Forming a new army, while British were best in world. | |
| 114812666 | British Advantages | Highly Trained. Highly experienced. Most powerful country in New World. Best Navy in world. Suppourted by some colonists. | |
| 114812667 | British Disadvantages | Invading Army. Vulnerable in countryside. Fought v.s US&french. Risked attacks. | |
| 114812668 | British Advantages: How they played out throughout the war. | Most trained and experienced troops who were best in world. Some colonists from south joined british because they were loyalists. | |
| 114812669 | British Disadvantages: How they played out throughout the war. | Far from home, took a long time to get supplies/troops. Had to conquer all of the colonies to win. Long travel. Vulnerable in countryside: not by ships. | |
| 114812670 | Battle of Bunker Hill | the first important battle of the American War of Independence (1775) EX. the British defeated the colonial forces. , First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, the British troops were based in Boston. The British army had begun to fortify the Dorchester Heights near Boston, and so the Continental Army fortified Breed's Hill, north of Boston, to counter the British plan. British general Gage led two unsuccessful attempts to take this hill, before he finally seized it with the third assault. The British suffered heavy losses and lost any hope for a quick victory against the colonies. Although the battle centered around Breed's Hill, it was mistakenly named for nearby Bunker Hill. | |
| 114812671 | Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809), Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man | |
| 114812672 | "Common Sense" | By 1776 colonists believed Parliament did not have the right to make laws for the 13 colonies. Argued with colonists stating that they had their own elected legislatures. however colonists still felt a "bond" of loyalty with Britain. Thomas Paine set out to change the colonists attitudes towards Britain. He stated that colonists did not owe loyalty to George III or any monarch. Having kinds/queens was wrong. The colonists also did not owe anything to Britain. If british were helping colonists it was only for self benefit and profit. Sticking with Britain would only hurt the colonists more. | |
| 114812673 | Declaration Of Independence | American idea of good gov't. the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain, July 4, 1776. This document stated that because the English king had broken the social contract, the colonists had the right to rebel. It includes a list of the king's abuses as well as a description of natural rights. With this document, Enlightenment ideas were put into practice., This document was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. It established the 13 colonies as independent states, from free rule by Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson wrote the majority of this document. John Locke's ideas regarding natural rights and the purpose of government are echoed in this U.S. document. simply: 5 parts (formal essay format) | |
| 114812674 | Patriots | Colonists who wanted independence from Britain | |
| 114812675 | Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence | |
| 114812676 | Battle of Long Island | A 1776 battle in New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded, or captured, Washington and the Patriots had fewer than 20,000 troops. They still wanted to fight. Defeat against the British occured., George Washington and his army are badly beaten at this battle on August 27, 1776. Sorely outnumbered and surrounded at Brooklyn Heights, the 9,500 troops that survived retreated under cover of night across the East River to Manhattan. | |
| 114812677 | Battle Of Trenton | George washington crossed Delaware river several times fleeting back and forth in effort to trick british and in end surprise attacking on christmas after a night of joy and party. The Americans surprised the Hessian troops guarding Trenton and took most of them prisoner; the Americans won., On Christmas day at night, Washington's soldiers began crossing the Deleware River. The next morning, they suprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessians., December 25th. Washington crosses Deleware River and takes advantage of he Hessains. Becuase they were celebrating Christmas. He takes the Hessains by suprise and its a victory for the Continental Army. | |
| 114812678 | Battle Of Princeton | A week after the Battle at Trenton, Washington left a few men to tend some campfires and fool the enemy again. He quietly marched his army to Princeton, where they suprised and beat a British force. New Jersey turned Patriot. This battle helped the American morale., The Americans', led by George Washington, surprise attack on British troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Washington and his men crossed the icy Delaware River on Christmas Day, 1776, and attacked the next day, completely surprising the British. It was the first American victory of the war, and helped to restore American morale. Princeton= On January 3, 1777, George Washington again crossed into New Jersey, this time outflanking British forces in Princeton. The American army, reduced to 1, 200 men, attacked disorganized British troops at Princeton with modest success. The victories at Trenton and Princeton helped outmaneuver the British conquest of northern New Jersey and marked the turning point of the Revolutionary War. | |
| 114812679 | Washington's Improvement as General | Washington's Improvement as a General 1. He started out fighting Napolionically but changed to Guerilla- The British are the bet in the world at fighting Napolionically, so there was a small chance of the untrained and unprofessional colonial army could beat them. They lost in Bunker Hill which taught them to change their style of fighting to guerilla which ultimately helps them win. 2. Washington made it through the long, cold, harsh, winter at Valley Forge. 3. Washington gave back his sword when the war was over. | |
| 114812680 | Burgoyne's Three Prong Attack | Burgoyne's Three Pronged Attack They wanted to have control of Albany, so they attacked from three different directions. Controlling Albany would give Britain the Hudson River which would cut off New England from the rest of the colonies. Many radicals live there so it would cut off solider and supplies. General Howe would march to Albany from NYC, but he wanted to capture Philadelphia 1st. He captured it, but after he stayed there for the winter instead of going to Albany. BarrySt. Leger marched from Canada, but the Americans sent him back. Only Burgoyne made it to Albany, but was defeated | |
| 114812681 | Battle Of Saratoga | a battle during the American Revolution (1777) the British under Burgoyne were defeated, Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. | |
| 114812683 | French Intervention | phase three of thirty years war fighting for fear of hapsburgs, french want to weaken british empire; french military and finances HELP americans win battle, - Yorktown: navy traps British | |
| 114812685 | Valley Forge | Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778 a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops Washington retreated to this place in Pennsylvania for the winter after the Battle of Trenton | |
| 114812687 | Battle Of Monmouth | a pitched battle in New Jersey during the American Revolution (1778) that ended with the withdrawal of British forces, ended contest for the North (Clinton occupied NY, protected by Royal Navy, watched by Washington) ended contest for the North (Clinton occupied NY, protected by Royal Navy, watched by Washington) | |
| 114812689 | Battle Of Springfield | - Knyphausen leads troops into NJ to test reports that they were giving up and might abandon the struggle if encouraged - goal was to take Morristown - expected to meet little resistance but the New Jerseyans were hostile and ready to fight - higher ground at Hobart Gap was essential to the stopping of the British - British torched Connecticut Farms as they retreated | |
| 114812691 | Colonial Strategy in the South | Colonial Strategy in the South Henry Clinton and the British knew many loyalists live in the southern backcountry. He thought if he and his army marched through loyalist would join them. The Americans strategy was to split up into two groups. One was lead by Nathanael Green which lead to the Battle of Yorktown and the other was lead by Daniel Morgan which lead to the Battle of Cowpens. Green faced Cornwallis and Morgan faced Tarletan. America won both. | |
| 114812693 | Battle of Cowpens | battle in the American Revolution, In January 1781, General Morgan won an important victory at Cowpens, South Carolina. Morgan used a clever tactic to defeat the British. He divided his soldiers into a front line and a rear line. He ordered the front line to retreat after firing just two volleys. The British, thinking the Americans were retreating, charged forward—straight into the fire of Morgan's second rank. In this way, the Americans won the Battle | |
| 114812694 | Francis Marion | South Carolina militia leader nicknamed the "Swamp Fox" for his hit-and-run attacks on the British during the American Revolution., Was a guerilla commander who chased the British around in South Carolina with a group of 25 men; helped to wear out British forces; called the "Swamp Fox" for his ability to get away Previously an Indian fighter, he was given command of Fort Sullivan in 1776. Commanding the 2nd South Carolina, he fought at Savannah, and escaped capture when the British recaptured Charleston. From there, he fought a successful guerilla campaign against British troops, forcing Cornwallis to appoint Colonel Banastre Tarleton to eliminate him. Tarleton's frustration at the task led to the remark "But as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him," creating his nickname of "Swamp Fox." Promoted to brigadier general in 1781, and later given command of the North and South Carolina militias, he fought the British at Eutaw Springs. | |
| 114812696 | Battle Of Yorktown | Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. , a siege that ended in October 1781 when Washington trapped 8,000 British soldiers on a peninsula in Virginia after a British campaign in the southern colonies; this defeat caused the British to cease large-scale fighting in America and to start negotiations, which eventually led to the colonies' independence. Because of their lack of succes in suppressing the Revolution in the Northern Colonies, in early 1780 the British switched their strategy and undertook a series of campaigns through the southern colonies. This strategy was equally unsuccessful and the British decided to return to New York city. While marching from Virginia to New York, British Commander Lord Cornwallis became trapped in Yorktown on the Chesapeake Bay. His troops fortified the town and waited for reinforcements. The French navy, led by Degrasse, locked their escape. After a series of battles, Cornwallis surrendered to the Continental Army on Oct 19, 1781 which ended all major fighting in the revolutionary War | |
| 114812699 | Reason for American Victory | Reasons for American Victory 1. They had help from other European countries- French money helped pay for supplies, French military aid provided vital support. Without the soldiers they might not have won The Battle of Yorktown. 2. America's Patriotism They all were driven to become an independent country. 3. They were the defending army- They British (invading army) needed to conquer all of the land to win, while the colonists just needed to defend it. They also knew the land. 4. They also had good commanders- Washington ex. switched from napolionic to Guerilla warfare. | |
| 114812701 | Treaty Of Paris (1783) | Treaty of Paris (1783) The world especially the British recognized that the 13 colonies is an independent nation free from Britain. Their land was from the Atlantic on to the Mississippi RIver up to the Great Lakes but, all except for Florida (Spain). It was ratified on 11/15/1783 by congress, and almost 8 years after Lexington and Concord. The Americans agreed to ask state legislature to pay loyalist for property they lost in war. |
