Terms : Hide Images
| 474868359 | cursorial | adapted for running not flying | |
| 474868360 | arboreal | tree dwelling, inhabiting or frequenting trees | |
| 474868361 | cladistics | the study of evolutionary branching sequences | |
| 474868362 | convergent evolution | process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments | |
| 474868363 | theropod | Member of a group of dinosaurs that originated from thecodants during the triassic period that were bipedal carnivores. | |
| 474868364 | thecodants | ancestors to dinosaurs that originated in the early triassic period | |
| 474868365 | archosaurs | first land vertebrates to be bipedal; gave rise to dinosaurs, The reptilian group that includes crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, and birds. | |
| 474868366 | systematics | the study of the evolutionary relationships among organisms and their classification into a hierarchical scheme | |
| 474868367 | species | a group of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other groups of organisms | |
| 474868368 | phylogenetic species concept | a concept that defines a species as a group having a shared and unique evolutionary history | |
| 474868369 | biological species concept | a concept that defines a species as a group of populations who's members are capable of interbreeding successfully and are reproductively isolated from other groups. | |
| 474868370 | carinate | birds having keeled sternums | |
| 474868371 | paleognathae | birds with primative, reptile-like jaws that have boney palates including all ratites | |
| 474868372 | neognathae | birds with derived jaws, less boney palate, not ratites | |
| 474868373 | Fahrenholz's rule | coevolving parasites and hosts should speciate approximately simultaneously, the rule that in groups of permanent parasites the classification of the parasites usually corresponds directly to the natural relationships of the hosts | |
| 474868374 | melanins | this type of pigment is responsible for earth tones, - grays, blacks, browns and buff colors. | |
| 474868375 | Carotenoids | these types of pigments produce yellows. oranges, reds, and certain types of blues and greens | |
| 474868376 | porphyrins | these types of pigments are responsible for producing particular bright brown and green feathers and a unique magenta | |
| 474868377 | Eumelanins | what type of melanins are responsible for browns and blacks? | |
| 474868378 | Pheomelanins | what types of melanins are responsible for light brown, red, orange and yellow? | |
| 474868379 | psittacofulvins | this pigment is responsible for the red pigment in the feathers of a green-winged macaw | |
| 474868380 | calamus | the part of the feather that is inserted into the follicle | |
| 474868381 | rachis | the central shaft of the feather | |
| 474868382 | barbs | lateral branches off the rachis | |
| 474868383 | barbules | the hook like structures that come of the barbs | |
| 474868384 | vanes | the structures of contour feathers on either side of the rachis made up of barbs | |
| 474868385 | pigments | naturally occurring chemical compounds that absorb the energy of certain wavelengths of light and reflect the energy of other wave lengths to produce observed colors | |
| 474868386 | structural colors | these result from the physical alteration of incident light | |
| 474868387 | scattering | tiny vacuoles affect the wavelength of light to produce blues | |
| 474868388 | iridescence | light waves hits layers of pigment platelettes on barbules either accentuating color or canceling it out | |
| 474868389 | interference | shimming iridescence, platelettes on barbules, color changes with angle of light | |
| 474868390 | plumage | this is acquired by molt. a bird may wear several at one time, named from last acquired feathers | |
| 474868391 | molt | periodic shedding and replacement of feathers, usually coincides with seasons | |
| 474868392 | pterylae | feather tracts | |
| 474868393 | apteria | featherless area between the feather tracts | |
| 474868394 | remex | a single flight feather | |
| 474868395 | remiges | all of the flight feathers | |
| 474868396 | alternatethe | the temporary plumage worn during breeding | |
| 474868397 | basic | the plumage that is renewed after breeding | |
| 474868398 | wing loading | ratio of body mass to wing area | |
| 474868399 | thermal soaring | this type of soaring exploits columns of warm air that rise when the ground is heated by the sun | |
| 474868400 | slope soaring | this type of soaring exploits the rising air that is deflected upward when it hits a terrestrial ridge or wave | |
| 474868401 | aspect ratio | ratio of wing length to width | |
| 474868402 | camber | the upward curve shape of a wing, airfoil | |
| 474868403 | glide ratio | distance covers-to-vertical distance | |
| 474868404 | profile drag | resistance to forward motion caused by the birds body shape | |
| 474868405 | surface friction drag | Caused by the leading edge of wing and front of body | |
| 474868406 | induced drag | pressure differences at wing tips (turbulence) | |
| 474868407 | dynamic soaring | soaring on ocean winds, makes use of upward deflected winds | |
| 474868408 | Bernoulli's law | static pressure+dynamic pressure= constant | |
| 474868409 | migration | predictable round trip movement | |
| 474868410 | partial migration | a segment of a population migrates and another is resident | |
| 474868411 | irruptive movements | irregular seasonal occurance of birds outside normal range | |
| 474868412 | dispersal | the movement of organisms from one place to another | |
| 474868413 | zugunruhe | restlessness of individuals held in captivity | |
| 474868414 | hyperphagia | eating to excess | |
| 474868415 | orientation | ability vto move in a given compass direction | |
| 474868416 | navigation | directed movement to a particular location | |
| 474868417 | thermoneutral zone | the range in which the amount of oxygen consumed by resting birds does not change with temperature, 20-40*C | |
| 474868418 | basal metabolic rate | non digestive, animal at rest | |
| 474868419 | torpor | body temp lowered below normal to conserve energy, unresponsive to most stimuli, incapable of normal activity | |
| 474868420 | proventriculous | the anterior glandular part of a birds two parted stomach | |
| 474868421 | duodenum | the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum | |
| 474868422 | microvilli | small hairlike projections in the small intestine that aid in absorbtion | |
| 474868426 | Herpst corpsule | organs set into pits at the tip of the bill to gauge pressure while probing for food, helps to find food near by |
