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| 21914391 | Late 18th/Early 19th Century Domestic | Weakness in ruler, political competition, decline in the working positionis caused Ottomans internal weakness | 0 | |
| 21914392 | Late 18th/Early 19th Century Foreign | Ottomans began to lose areas like Greece, Serbia, and Egypt and there were many revolts | 1 | |
| 21914393 | Mahmud II | Created a private army and wiped out all the Janissaries and even their families | 2 | |
| 21914394 | Tanzimat Reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839-1876, established Western style universities, state postal systems, railways, extensive legal reforms, and resulted in the development of a constitution | 3 | |
| 21914395 | Abdul Hamid | Sultan of Ottoman Empire(1878-1908) who nullified the constitution and wanted to return to despotic absolutism | 4 | |
| 21914396 | Ottoman Society for Union and Progress | Young Turks organization of political agitators who opposed Abdul Hamid's rule. They wanted to reform on Western precedents. | 5 | |
| 21914397 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors who established a dynasty in Egypt | 6 | |
| 21914398 | Muhammad Ali | Egyptian ruler after the French invaded and he built a European-styled military. | 7 | |
| 21914399 | Khedives | Descendents of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after 1867, who became the rulers. | 8 | |
| 21914400 | Suez Canal | Built across the Isthmus Suez to connect the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea (1869) | 9 | |
| 21914401 | Muhammad Abduh | Islamic scholar who stressed the need to borrow scientific learning from the West. | 10 | |
| 21914402 | Ahmad Orabi | Student of Muhammad Abduh who led a revolt against Turkish influence in Egypt-- the British tried to put down the revolt. (1882) | 11 | |
| 21914403 | Muhammad Achmad (Mahdi) | Leader that united the diverse and divided people of Sudan. Led revolts against foreign invaders(Europeans) and into Egypt. Sought to pure Islam | 12 |
