PAY ATTENTION TO NEW YORK DRAFT RIOTS AS THERE MAY BE QUESTIONS ON THE QUIZ SPECIFICALLY ABOUT THAT
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| 1455983666 | Women's Central Association of Relief | This was an organization formed by reformers experienced in the abolitionist, temperance and education movement. The national organization WCAR soon had 7000 chapters throughout the North. Its volunteers raised funds, made and collected a variety of items which included food, clothes, and quilts and sent them to army camps. Volunteers also provided meals, housing and transportation to soldiers. Association chapters supplied $15 million worth of goods to Union troops. It was formed in 1861. | 1 | |
| 1455983667 | U.S. Sanitary Commission | This was a national organisation created by Abraham Lincoln in 1861 in response to requests by officials for the WCAR. HE gave it the power to investigate and advise the Medical Bureau. Henry Bellows, a Unitarian clergyman was president and Frederick Law Olmstead was executive secretary. More than 500 sanitary inspectors instructed soldiers in matters of water supply, placement of latrines and safe cooking. In 1862, Mother Bickerdyke was persuaded to become the official agent of the Sanitary. With the help of her appeals, the Sanitary raised %50 million for the Union war effort. | 2 | |
| 1455983668 | Frederick Law Olmsted | He was the author of influential books about the slaveholding South and later the designer of New York's Central Park. He was executive secretary of the U.S. Sanitary Commission. | 3 | |
| 1455983669 | Contrabands | These were escaped former salves who worked for the Union army. They helped deliver supplies to soldiers. They were also put to work in northern camps. Washington DC was their refuge. These people were crowded into the capital to join other free blacks who lived there. Many destitutes received help from the Contraband Relief Association, founded by former slave Elizabeth Keckley. | 4 | |
| 1455983670 | Fort Sumter | This was a major federal military installation which sat on a granite island at the entrance to Charleston harbor. If is remained in Union hands, Charleston the center of the secessionist movement would be immobilised. South demanded it back because it was a symbolic and for military reasons. April 6, 1861, Lincoln notified the governor of SC that he was sending a relief force. Davis ordered General Beauregard to demand surrender of the fort if they did not comply. Two days later, the fort surrendered. | 5 | |
| 1455983671 | writ of habeas corpus | This was a constitutional requirement that authorities explain to a court their reasons for arresting someone. Lincoln suspended this to detain Baltimore's agitators. Chief Justice Taney ruled that the president had no right to do that. Lincoln argued that the suspension of certain civil rights might be necessary to supress rebellion. The arrests in Maryland were the first of a number of violations. Lincoln said that these were necessary to keep national security. | 6 | |
| 1455983672 | First battle of Bull Run | This took place at Manassas Creek in Virginia in July 1861. Union soldiers were confident in a victory and were accompanied by journalists and politicians and also sightseers. Confederate troops were commanded by General Beauregard. When Confederates came with reinforcements, Union soldiers were afraid and retreated. This was sobering and prophetic. | 7 | |
| 1455983673 | Robert E Lee | He was a famous Confederate commander who lived in Virginia. He commanded soldiers at Antietam and at Pittsburg. | 8 | |
| 1455983674 | William Seward | He was the Union secretary of state who made sure Britain and France did not extend diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy. He was the leader of the Republican Party and did not fully support emancipation. | 9 | |
| 1455983675 | Salmon P Chase | He was the Treasury Secretary and a staunch abolitionist who adamantly opposed concessions to the South and considered Lincoln too conciliatory. HE supported the emancipation proclamation a lot. | 10 | |
| 1455983676 | Edwin Stanton | He was a former Democrat from Ohio who led the War Department in 1862. The department was able to perform many basic functions of procurement and supply without too much delay. HE also arranged a meeting with 20 African American ministers who spoke for freed slaves in Georgia. This led to the Special Field Order 15. | 11 | |
| 1455983677 | Union Pacific and Central Pacific RR | In 1862 and 1864, Congress created 2 federally charted corporations to build a transcontinental railroad to lay tracks eastward from Omaha and California. This fulfilled the dream of many expansionists who believed that America's future lay in the trade with Asia across the Pacific Ocean. | 12 | |
| 1455983678 | Homestead Act | This act of 1862 gave 160 acres of public land to any citizen who agreed to live on it for five years, improve it by building a house and cultivating it and paying a small fee. | 13 | |
| 1455983679 | Morrill Land Grant act | This act of 1862 gave states public land that would allow them to finance land grant colleges offering education to ordinary citizens in practical skills such as agriculture, engineering and military science. | 14 | |
| 1455983680 | cotton diplomacy | This diplomacy of the Confederacy did not work. Seward made sure Britain and France did not extend diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy. Britain did not recognize the nation based on slavery and found other alternatives. Seward's diplomacy succeeded and diplomacy failed. They hoped that a decisive battlefield victory would change the minds of Britain and France. | 15 | |
| 1455983681 | Confederate Congress drafts of 1862 | April 1862 Confederate Congress passed the first draft law in American history. All able bodied men between 18 and 35 were eligible for 3 years of military service. Purchase of substitutes was allowed. One man equaled 20 plantation slaves or more. This disapproved earlier claim that slavery freed white men to fight but it aroused class resentments. | 16 | |
| 1455983682 | Union Congress Draft of 1863 | This was the first northern draft. Occured March 1863. | 17 | |
| 1455983683 | Anaconda Plan | This plan was named after the constricting snake. It was northern strategy to slowly squeeze the South with a blockade at sea and on the Mississippi River. It was proposed by General in chief Winfield Scott. It avoided invasion and conquest in the hope that a strained South would recognize the inevitability of defeat and this surrender. Lincoln accepted this and had Union troops enter. Mcclellan was sent to Virginia. | 18 | |
| 1455983684 | George B McClellan | He commanded the Union troops in Virginia in 1862 in the Penninsulr campaign. He took the troops to Richmond and fought in a series of battle known as Seven Days. He was chosen as the Democrat candidate. He was known to be sympathetic to the South. | 19 | |
| 1455983685 | Antietam/Sharpsburg | This battle occurred on September 17, 1862 and claimed more than 5000 dead and 19000 wounded. McClellan's army checked Lee's advance. Lee retreated to Virginia but inflicted terrible losses on northern troops in Fredricksburg and again made a thrust toward Richmond in December 1862. The war in northern Virginia was a stalemate | 20 | |
| 1455983686 | Ulysses S Grant | He was a military figure in the west who once resigned because he had a drinking problem. He reenlisted as a colonel after the capture of Fort Sumter and was promoted to brigadier general within two months. In 1862, he captured Fort Henry and Donelson, establishing Union control of Tenessee and forced confederate troops to retreat. March 1864, Grant devised plan of strangulation and annihilation aiming to inflict damage on Southern life- directly affected civilians. | 21 | |
| 1455983687 | Vicksburg | Vicksburg was the "Gibraltar of the Mississippi" and Grant and Union generals faced strong confederate resistance and progress was slow. | 22 | |
| 1455983688 | Merrimac and Monitor | This was a Union vessel that the Confederacy refitted with iron plating and named it the Virginia. It challenged the Union blockade. The second ship was an Union war ship that looked like a cheese box. Actually it was a revolving turret that was a basic component of battleships. | 23 | |
| 1455983689 | Benjamin Butler | He was a Union commander who said that the Fugitive Slave Law no longer applied and that the escaped slaves were "contrabands of war". New of his decision spread rapidly among slaves in Fort Monroe. | 24 | |
| 1455983690 | Contraband Relief Association | This helped destitute contrabands and was modeled on the Sanitary Commission. It was formed by former slave Elizabeth Keckly, seamstress to Mary Todd Lincoln. | 25 | |
| 1455983691 | William Tecumseh Sherman | He was a Union General who marched through Georgia in 1864 and 18000 slaves flocked to Union lines. He worked with Sherman to defeat General Joe Johnston's army of Tennessee. HE aimed to inflict maximum damage on southern life. He captured Atlanta on September 2, 1864 and set for Savannah hoping to cut off Lee's army in Virginia. He also carried out the Field Order 15. | 26 | |
| 1455983692 | Colonization Scheme | This was proposed in March 1862 by Lincoln. He proposed that every state undertake gradual compensated emancipation after which former slaves would be settled in Haiti and Panama. The scheme failed to work because it was too unrealistic. | 27 | |
| 1455983693 | Radical Republicans | This group chafed at Lincoln's conservative stance on the colonization scheme. | 28 | |
| 1455983694 | Horace Greeley | He was the editor of the New York Tribune. He criticized Lincoln's freeing of the slaves. | 29 | |
| 1455983695 | Emancipation Proclamation | In January 1863, this was issued. it freed slaves in areas of rebellion (not under Union control) but specifically in border states and Confederate areas conquered by the Union. The purpose was to meet abolitionist demands while not losing the support of conservatives. Seward was sarcastic and British government officials were puzzled. | 30 | |
| 1455983696 | 13th Amendment | This amendment outlawed slavery in 1864. | 31 | |
| 1455983697 | 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry | This was a regiment of black soldiers led by Robert Shaw of Boston. It attacked Fort Wagner in South Carolina. This army refused to accept low pay and served for free until the Union decided to treat them as free men. In June 1864, the War Department equalized wages. | 32 | |
| 1455983698 | Andersonville | It was a Confederate prison camp in northern Georgia. It was an open stockade with no shade or shelter created in early 1804 to hold Northern prisoners. Many prisoners died due to disease, exposure, or malnutrition. | 33 | |
| 1455983699 | Clara Barton | She was a former government clerk before the war and helped in the nursing and distribution of medical supplies. She used congressional contacts for force reforms in army medical practices. | 34 | |
| 1455983700 | War Democrats | In spring 1862, the Democrats split into War Democrats and Peace Democrats. | 35 | |
| 1455983701 | Copperheads | These were the Peace Democrats who appealed to the sympathies of western farmers by warning that agriculture was being hurt by the Republican party's tariff and industrial policies. They appealed to urban workers and immigrants with racist warnings that Republican policies would take jobs away. Clement Valladinghan, a former Ohio Congressman was the leader of this group. | 36 | |
| 1455983702 | Bread Riots | In the spring of 1863, food riots broke out in four Georgia cities and in North Carolina. Bread prices rose, causing many to starve. | 37 | |
| 1455983703 | New York Draft Riots | In spring 1863, protests against drafts broke out and several federal enrollment officers were killed. In New York City, from July 13 to 16, 1863, working class riots claimed the lives of 105 (many blacks). | 38 | |
| 1455983704 | Heroes of America/Red Strings | These groups were secret political societies in 1864. | 39 | |
| 1455983705 | Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | He directed the battle of Chancellorsville, which was a great Confederate victory. | 40 | |
| 1455983706 | Gettysburg/Pickett's Charge | General Pickett and 15,000 men were went by Lee to charge at the Battle of Gettysburg. The charge failed and one-third of the men were killed, wounded, or missing. | 41 | |
| 1455983707 | New England Freedman's Aid Society | This group sent volunteers to the South to educate slaves. Many of the volunteers were women. | 42 | |
| 1455983708 | Gettysburg Address | This was a famous speech made my Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg. | 43 | |
| 1455983709 | March to the Sea | In 1864, General William Tecumseh Sherman brought war home to the south with his "March to the Sea" which divided the South's heartland. | 44 | |
| 1455983710 | Special Field Order No. 15 | This order in January 1865 was issued by Sherman. He set aside 400,000 acres of Confederate land to be given to freed slaves in 40 acre parcels. | 45 | |
| 1455983711 | Election of 1864 | Lincoln was renominated in this election during a low period where many Radicals and Republican conservatives opposed him. Public opinion, however, had soared with Union victories, due to instant news. Democrats had General McClellan, a war hero who was sympathetic to the South and proposed an armistice. Other Democrats played on racist fears of urban working class. Lincoln won with a 55% popular vote and 78% of soldiers voted for him. The vote saved the Republican party for extinction and ordinary people voted to continue a difficult and decisive conflict. | 46 | |
| 1455983712 | Confederate Draft | Confederate congress authorized this in March 1864. Draft of blacks before mentioning freedom and South never had to acknowledge the paradox of having to offer slaves freedom so they could fight to defend slavery. Two regiments were formed but it was too late. | 47 | |
| 1455983713 | Appomattox Court House | On April 9, Lee and 25000 troops surrendered to Grant here. Grant treated Lee with respect and set historic precedent by giving the confederate troops parole. | 48 | |
| 1455983714 | John Wilkes Booth | On April 14, Lincoln was shot by this person at Ford's Theatre in Washington. The assassinator was a confederate sympathizer. | 49 |
