Shout out to ya Boi Dolossus
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| 1311668985 | Lincoln Douglass Debates | Effort to solve crisis of Slavery had failed -=Debates fodcust on JUST SLAVERY + Future of Union Community swarmed to see these debates. Douglass: Vote against Slaver yin Kansas + Alienated South Democrats --Direct conflict w/ JAmes NBuchanan. Spoke for Union. Say Demos= Nat'l party and the Repubs were sectional. Appealed to Racism. SAID LINCOLN SUPPORT EQUALITY Lincoln: Entered as a Whig, radicalized bc of slavery. committed to freedom/ no slavery. *No believe in Equality* --Tried to be MODERATE --True Winners: spectators who saw politicians discus the issue. | 0 | |
| 1311668986 | US Expansion + Growth | Triple in size. Population Quadruple. States Doubled. MAjority live West of Appalachian. Percapita Income 2X's --Cotton no longer DOMINANT USA= strong manufacture/agricultural exporter. --south's not as politically important since Cotton= not dominant --Expansion of Slavery wasn't urgent | 1 | |
| 1312603350 | Politics Culture, National Identity | USA= Superior bc of DEMOCRACY --We assume EUrope had Democratic Revolutions b/c we= Role Models! Democratic pride= lead to American Rennaissance? --National audience for scholars/wirters/newspapers --New Literature: Hawthone's Short Story. Some social critics, Moby Dick *Uncle tom's cabin*: combine 1st hand accounts by North Abilitionists/slaves. *2 million copies in 10 years. | 2 | |
| 1312603351 | Congressional Debate | Can't ignore Proviso anymore --Parties were created to override sectionalism! --Bc of Election 1848, Sectionalism erupted. Divided Relgious groups. **Final Action of Clay + Calhoun + Webster. Taylor died, was going to be like Jackson + Demand South comply to the North! --Millard Fillmore= weak president. **Calhoun= South must secede to protect state rights. Congress no right prohibit Slavery! Territory= common property of all states. Protect property! *Leaglly Correct definition of slaves* Southern Dogma **Webster: Secession= bad. PreserveUnion. Beg Demos compromise to keep south. **Secession revealed threat of "slave power" **Proslavery ppl: Keep as many slave states as free states. Antislavery ppl thought this was them trying to control Nat'l Politic | 3 | |
| 1313030628 | Southern Dogma? | ANYTHING LESS THAN FULL ACCESS OF THE TERRITORIES + OUR RIGHTS= UNCONSTITUTIONAL | 4 | |
| 1313030629 | Slave Power? | Rich white tht dominate political/social of South Conspire control fed gov't. Danger to Free speech + Institutions --Showed monolithic response of South Most ppl thought this was BS, but as South strategies to Expand slavery, veto power of Presidential nominees, and justification of "self defense", More ppl belive this true. | 5 | |
| 1313030630 | Perspectives of Both Sides | Both want expansion: South want Slavery expand (Manifest Dest.) --Both want "Liberties". --Free Soilers= Personal Liberties, while South= Liberty to keep their way of life! Both Infringed eachother's Rights: South said North help slaves escape, spammed South w/ unwanted literature, abuse right to petition in congress, incite slave revolution North said: South Censor mails, Gag rule suppress free speech, Moral Wrong of enslave humans Stereotypes: North say: South were backwater, dominate by small slave owning aristocrat, deprive poor whites of honest work.. Suppress intelligence for entire country. We northerners offer economic opportunity to common man Southerners: say Slaves bring nat'l growth, North benefitted from slavery, Give white man independence, Our institution= good for slaves, Wage slavery in North. | 6 | |
| 1313030631 | Compromise of 1850 | 1. California= free state, Put former Mexican Possessions decide by pop. Sov. 2. Utah: not accepted as a state until 1896 bc Mormon Polygamy (Give More Freestates, vs Slave states) 3. Texas: Cede land to NEw MEx. Gov't assume $10milly debts of TX 4. Slave Trade end in DC, NOT SLAVERY. 5.Stronger Fugitive Slave law for all states. --Still divides within Parties, Antislave Whigs fight vs. Proslave Whigs. **Sout Whigs + North Democrats were forces of MODERATION **Slavery avoided, not settled | 7 | |
| 1313030632 | Fugitive Slave Act | North urge Slave scape. Help + Support them. --Underground RR helped a little. --Most Slaves got help from North Freedmen Northerners HATE Slave Catchers. Slaves no allow to defend themselves+ Even Freedmen reshipped into Slavery --12 Years a Slave. Made 9States pass PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS --No cooperate w/ recapture. **South Angry, already suspect North not cooperating. Infringe their rights --This increase power of owners. **Slave Given chance go to Hearing before Fed. commissioner. Not allowed to testify on own behalf. --Fines on ppl who help fugitives. --Many went to Canada, They not willing to send Slaves back to slavery tho. **This ACT made SLAVERY a REALITY for North | 8 | |
| 1313030633 | Shadrach Minkins + Anthony Burns | Boston: Shadrach Minkins recaptured. Some freedmen stormed courtroom, send him to Ganada --Community support this, Ppl thought this was "mob rule" **Most Famous: Antrhony Burns. Failed to rescue him. President Pierce send: Marines + Calvary, Ship, to send him back to Slavery --Bostonian raise money buy his freedom back, but Pres blocked the purchase. --Buildings shrowded w/ Black drapes. USA flags upsided Down. Funeral Bells tolled. **This Radicalized Many North. | 9 | |
| 1313030634 | Election of 1852: | 1st Sign that Nat'l Party system was weakening= difficult getting nominees. -Whigs: Winfield Scott over Fillmore --South Whigs feel alienated, Loyalty strained --WHIGS NEVER FIELDed PREZ. CANDIDATE AGAIN Demos: Large variety, Cass + Stephen Douglass, JAmes Buchanan --Chose Frank Pierce. : Want faithful execution of Comp. of 1850. Demos tht vote for Free Soil voted for Pierce + Irish/German voters. --Showed strength of Democraic Machines. (corruption + vote buying) **Pierce easily won | 10 | |
| 1313030635 | Young America Movement | Large portion ppl support Pierce. Group of NY politicians desire to Conquer Cuba/Central America --Expansionists want move Southward. Several private *Filibusters* invade Carribbean/ Central American Countries to extend Slave territory --Will Walker 3 invasions to Nicaragua. Pierce: WANT CUBA. Not directly involved in Filibusters. -->Slave revolt in Cuba made Cuban slave owners want to be annexed to USA to continue slavery. **Ostend Manifesto: Mixture of threats**, South of USA + Cubans= 1 people. We will Physically wrest Cuba from Spain if need be. **Manifesto= supposed to be secret, leaked. Pierce had to repudiate it. *send Matt Perry to Japan. Treaty set up commerce btw us. --Pierce + Proslavery lost orth Goodwill tht Pierce had. | 11 | |
| 1313030636 | Crisis of Nat'l Party system | Stephen Douglass introduce Kansas-Neb. Act: --open up Indian Territory to US settlers under pop. Sov. --Gave possibiilty of Slavery out here! Try to satisfy EXPANSIoN + PRESIDENTIAL GOALS. | 12 | |
| 1313030637 | Kansas Nebraska Act | Further construct RR across Great American Desert to CA. RR end @ chicago. Had to organize land as territories. Needed South support, had to open territories to slavery --Want Pop. Sovereignty dtmn Slavery in New Territory. VAGUE to appeal to both sides -- POSSIBILITY of slavery in new territory. **Repealed MO Compromise**: since it stopped slavery at 36'30 latitude. --North Whigs reject this absolutely. HUGE SPLIT, left them unable to pick Prez. Candidate. Cotton Whigs (economic ties w/ south, bankers, manufactureres, wealthy merchants) Hurt Democrats: North Demos lost 2/3 of seats in Congress. --*Biggest Miscalculation in Politics Ever*: +300 protests, Douglass rejected by North every time. | 13 | |
| 1313107818 | Indians in the NEbraska Territory: | Treaties made. Some agreed to relocate to small reserves. Some sell land to whites Some keep part of West Kansas...until gold found there. --Pro/Antislavery ppl poured into Kansas to Settle | 14 | |
| 1313107819 | Bleeding Kansas | MISSOURIANS= 1st ppl get land in Kansas. Create proslavery placed (Kickapoo). Swamp KS elections w/ MO votes!. 6k Votes...when only 3k legal voters! --Cast by "Border Ruffians" frontiersmen. ***1st group of NEw Englanders establish LAWRENCE! Free Soil.l --Many Migrants= religious reformers. **BattleGround: Freesoilers got Rifles from East supporters, Ruffians Need reinforcements from 'Bama. Open warfare. Proslavery burnt/loot Lawrence. John Brown raid settlers, kill ppl. --Had armed group, roamed countryside burning + kiling. --Bands of Marauders never arrested/trialed/ stopped. -- | 15 | |
| 1313107820 | Politics of Nativism +American Party | More violence in Nation's cities. --New Orleans had Vigilantes take over gov't. Fought @ Jackson Squre. vs. Catholics + Immigrants **Chicago Riots: Close saloons on Sunday, Germans/irish protest. NAt'l Guard involved *Lager Beer Riots*. led 2 MArtial law in Chicago **VIOLENCE CAUSED BY BREAKDOWN OF PARTY SYSTEM**: Whigs broke up + left political vaccum, Burst of Nativism/Antiimmirant feeling. **AMerican Party* formed to give expression to Nativism. since Democrats got many Catholic Foreign born voters! --When secret members questioned abt their beliefs, they say "I Know Nothing" dubbed the "Know Nothings" --Began to win elections in North + Control MAss. Legislature Polled well in South. It split into Pro/Anti slavery wings --Ppl began to vote for Republican Party | 16 | |
| 1313107821 | Why did Democrats get support from Immigrants? | Whigs hostile to Irish in Boston Whigs: no like Immigrants b/c they poor --Temperance movement, Not liked by Immigrants --Catholic sfear anti catholicism --Whigs hold immigrants responsible for increase in crime/cost of relief for poor --Nativism attract former whigs, young men of white collar/blue collar jobs | 17 | |
| 1313107822 | REpublican aParty | 1. MAny former North Whigs who anti slavery 2. Free Soil Party supporters who oppose expansion of slave, but tolerate it in South 3. North Reformers concern abt. Temperance/Catholicism 4. Economic CORE of old Whigs.: Merchants/industriliasts who want strong nat'l gov't provide economic growth --Want protective tariff, transportation improvemens, Cheap land for West farms --. | 18 | |
| 1313384473 | Election of 1856 | Demos: loosely held together --President Pierce vs. Stephen A Douglass: both support Kansas Nebr. Act. South support them, North didn't. Hard to Satisfy ANyONE. *Compromise Candidate= James Buchanan (North Man w/ South Ideas). Was in Britain, didn't have to pick a side to KansasNeb.Act. Election: Buch. vs. John Fremont vs. Mill Fillmore (American party) --2 Separate contests: North= Buch vs Fremont, South= Buch vs. Mill Fill. **Fremont's name appeared in only 4 South states. **Buchanan won bc he was the only NATIONAL CANDIDATE --Repubs= very close tho, "victorious defeat"!!! --They beat out American Party, but they weren't national. **Showed that voters like national candidates! Not sectional. **Slavery= worse than immigrants, Nativism subsided | 19 | |
| 1313384474 | Dred Scott | 1. Roger Taney insist MO comp. Unconstitutional. Fed Gov't no right to interfere w/ free movement of property throughout territories. ...but Since Scott was black.. (not a citizen) 2. Buchanan pressured Northern Justice to agree w/ Taney... 3. Showed Sectional Decision. Southern opinion abt. slavery is Supreme law of the land! 4.North: question power of Supreme Court to establish law of the land 5. All NY people lost support for Supreme Court. 6. Fred Douglass urge blacks emigrate to...Haiti 7. This Swept away free-soil foundation of the Republicans. --Buchanan suspended the decision until he was inaugurated so that he could have influence on the decision as president | 20 | |
| 1313384475 | Lecompton Constitution | Proslavery votes dominant bc border Ruffians illegal votes 1. Free soilers protest constt. + form their own gov't. --Now Pro slavery territory gov't + Free soil Gov't. --Proslavery majority write const. to Congress for Admission of Kansas as State. 2. Buchanan endorse Const. No want lose support of South Demos. Admit KS 16th slave state. HUGE FCKIN MISTAKE --**STEPHEN DOUGLASS OPPOSED const.** b/c it violate popular sovereignty --It hat to be voted by a legit election. He went against Buchanan (prez of his own party) + Then Almost all KS ppl reject the Const.! 3. Defeat of Const. led to ambushes/killinggs, mass shooting --Violence in Congress, 30 man free for all. --Buch lost all support of South Dmos. | 21 | |
| 1313384476 | Panic of 1857 | 1. Failure of Ohio Investment House: Telegraphs to Wall street, etc. Mass paranoia/hysteria. Led to Busines failures/slowdowns. Threw 1000's our of work 2. Why? sharp temporary downturn of Agriculture exports to Britain --Affect South Cotton Less than Northern Goods --South said that this is proof tht their economic system= better than North's | 22 | |
| 1313384477 | John Brown's raid | 1. He slaughtered proslavery men in KS. Now want Raid South + Start Slave uprising --Believe Slaves= just need 1 spark to get something going --No escape plan, didn't notify slaves for the uprising. 2. Brown captured + convict of treason/murder/insurrection/ maybe insane --Hanged. In North, communities had Mourning not seen since GEORGE WASHINGTON's DEATH!!--Church bells toll, buildings drape in blac, prayers, eulogies, 3. South suspect North ppl provke revolts --Brown had financial support of "secret six" of the north --Shocked by north Rxn to Brown's Death 4. Contary to popular belief, Repubs did not support Brown. | 23 | |
| 1313502451 | Election of 1860 | 1. Split Demos into N+S wings= official. --Met @ Charleston (Center of secessionist agitation). Douglass not enough support for nomination --South want him support federal slave code to protect slavery --This was against his views, believe in pop.sov. + want North support too. --South not willing to compromise.South wing had own convention: Nominate John Breckinridge. 2. This split= Repub. Victory = Inevitable. Some South Wing Demos join Constitutional Union Party + nominate John Bell 3. Republicans: plan to carry all states Fremont got _ others. --Seward vs. Lincoln. Will= best known figure, had enemies thought he was too radical. --Lincoln= new, impressive, MODERATE. + Going to Carry ILlinois 4. VERY CLEAR CHOICES: Breckin ridge (extension slave to territories), LIncoln (EXCLUSION), , Bell (vague compromise) 5. Republicans: Homestead Act, Transcont RR, Higher Tariff. Denounc John Brown as Radical. Says they do not support EQUALITY. 6. Douglas= ONLY Candidate who spoke Urgently + about threat of secession. He campaigned personally in North/South. Most NATIONAL candidate -- Lincoln had many ppl speak for him, Repubs no campaign South, Breck no campaign North. 7. Lincoln's name not on ballots in the South! Secionalism. 2 regional contests: Breck vs. Bell in South, Linc vs. Doug in nNorth | 24 | |
| 1313502452 | Rumors in the Deep South | Rumors of Slave revolts--> Cause vigilance committees spring uup 1. south Carolina= Secession dominated politics. -- Passion + excitement made South go towards extremeism. --Drought Made ppl want to secede! | 25 | |
| 1313502453 | South Leaves the Union | 1. Country finally overthrown domination of slave owners w/ Lincoln --South shocked + humiliated. Permanent minority in politics now. --Lincoln threatened their way of life. Secession necessary 2. Gov'nors of SC, 'Bama, Miss, all commit states to secede if Linc. Elected. --Vigilance committees + Volunteer militia companies --Cooperationists= ppl who oppose secession, intimidated to silence 3. South Carolina: Unaimously secede from union. 6 other states (Miss, Fl, Ala, GA, LA, TX) . --Rapid secession= good strategy, do it before cooperationists organize! 4. Yeoman + city workers want compromise w/ North --But we must preserve WHITE PRIVILEGE | 26 | |
| 1313502454 | North's Political Options | 1. Brekinridge Idea: No Compromise on Extension of Slave. Appear FIRM + Moderate. Discrouage states from secede, give pro-Union time to organize 2. Horace Greel: let 7 states go in peace. But north wasn't going to let this happen. Too much pride 3. Force go to war + Force states back into the union --No give up fed power over military forts/customs posts in the South (which the south Needed to become independent) 4. Abe's Idea: Just wait it out, see what happens, don't make us aggressors. Wanted to see if South could succeed , didn't want to be the "bad guys" | 27 | |
| 1314127865 | Establishment of the Confederacy | 1. Delegates of 7 seceding state met in Montgomery --Wrote constitution identical to the Union's, strongly support state's rights + made abolition impossible 2. Defense of slavery: Commitment to individualism + decentraliztaion. Right of slaveowner over his slaves, freedom. 3. Needed strong fed gov't to have strong military...Didn't have one 4. Mont. Convention- chose Jeff. Davis + Alex Stephens. BOTH MODERATES --Stephens: urged secessionists not be taken quickly 5. Theme: Secession= natural/ not a big deal. Just let the south do their own thing. 6. @ Lincoln's Inaguration: He refuse issue public statements before presidency so he didnt MAKE SITUATION WORSE. --Say nothing controversial. USA no like, used to military leaders, not lawyers... Want instant leadership. *Nonbelligerent Moderation* We are their friends! | 28 |
