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| 5129477820 | Seven Years' War AKA the French and Indian War | fought between England and France, 1756-1763; known as the French and Indian War in the colonies, it started in 1754, over control of the Ohio River Valley and resulted in France's withdrawal from North America. It was the impetus for Parliament's taxing policy that led to the American Revolution. | 0 | |
| 5129477821 | Albany Conference | 1754, Meeting held in New York, British colonies met to talk about common concerns such as westward expansion, indian relations, and French aggression. The Iroquois walked out, and the colonies didn't unite. | 1 | |
| 5129477822 | Albany Plan of Union | Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown | 2 | |
| 5129477823 | Ben Franklin | A delegate from Pennsylvania and proposed the "Albany Plan of the Union" as a way to strengthen colonies. Deputy of postmaster general for all of the British North America. Charged with improving communication and commerce. | 3 | |
| 5129477824 | Colonel George Washington | Young militia officer from VA, led an expedition into the Ohio river valley but was forced to surrender (Fort Necessity) In the French and Indian war, he gained respect for the British army that he would later fight against. | 4 | |
| 5129477825 | Fort Duquesne | French fort that was site of first major battle of French and Indian War; General Washington led unsuccessful attack on French troops and was then defeated at Fort Necessity, marking beginning of conflict. | 5 | |
| 5129477826 | General Edward Braddock | Commanded forces sent by Great Britain to support American colonists; defeated and killed by French and Indian troops. Led 2 Irish regiments across Atlantic in 1755 to destroy Ford Duquesne. | 6 | |
| 5129477827 | Colonial Militia | Today's national guard, commanded by colonial officers were to strike New York Frontier and the north Atlantic coast. | 7 | |
| 5129477828 | Acadia | A French-speaking but British-controlled region near Nova Scotia. The English expelled peaceful Acadian farmers from their homeland during the French and Indian war. Many resettled in Louisiana, becoming Cajuns. | 8 | |
| 5129477829 | William Pitt | advocate of British Expansion, ministership of Great Britain. The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war. | 9 | |
| 5129477830 | Iroquois Confederacy | An alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied with the English, it dominated W. New England. 1758 promised fixed boundaries marked has hunting grounds to the west. | 10 | |
| 5129477831 | Fort Pitt | Renamed french fort at the forks of the Ohio in honor of the prime minister. Known as Pittsburgh today. | 11 | |
| 5129477832 | General James Wolfe | led British troops in Quebec to devastate French; ended French power in North America permanently Sent by Pitt to rid the french in the summer of 1759. | 12 | |
| 5129477833 | Marquis de Montcalm | Commander of the French forces at Quebec who saw Quebec fall under smaller forces under the command of Gen. Wolfe. Marquis died during the Battle of Quebec. | 13 | |
| 5129477834 | Treaty of Paris, 1763 | Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain signed in 1763. | 14 | |
| 5129477835 | General Jeffery Amherst | Banned presents to indian chiefs and tribes, demanding they live without charity. Left many starving without ammunition. | 15 | |
| 5129477836 | The Delaware Prophet Neolin | "The Enlightened One" Teachings included that indians are corrupted by European ways and they need to purify themselves and driving out the settlers. | 16 | |
| 5129477837 | Chief Pontiac (Pontiac's Rebellion) | 1763-Indian rebellion lead by chief Pontiac shortly after the end of the Fr. & Indian war May attacked all the British Forts in the West. | 17 | |
| 5129477838 | Germ Warfare | General Amherst sent infected blankets to disaffected tribes, epidemic of smallpox that spread from the Delawares and Shawnees to south Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws. Killed hundreds. | 18 | |
| 5129477839 | Proclamation of 1763 | British gov. set terms for British Policy toward the Indians. Gave the region west of the Appalachian Mountains as "Indian Country." No purchase or settlements were to be made. | 19 | |
| 5129477840 | Paxton Boys | mob of Pennsylvanians butchered twenty indian men, women, and children at the small village of Conestoga on the Susquehanna River in December 1763. Ben Franklin prevented a bloody confrontation. | 20 | |
| 5129477841 | Green Mountains | district known as Vermont. Housed New Englanders by the thousands. | 21 | |
| 5129477842 | Treaty of Hard Labor | In 1768, the Cherokees ceded a vast tract on the waters of the upper Tennessee River, where british settlers had already planted communities | 22 | |
| 5129477843 | Dunmore's War | John Murray, earl of dunmore, provoked war with Shawnees. Defeated them and forced their cession of the upper Ohio River Valley in Virginia. Iroquois and Ohio Indians were angry. | 23 | |
| 5129477844 | Lobster | red coated British soldier's nickname | 24 | |
| 5129477845 | John Peter Zenger | Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty. | 25 | |
| 5129477846 | John Locke | political theorist, English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | 26 | |
| 5129477847 | George Grenville | Chancellor of Exchequer, in 1764 he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling. | 27 | |
| 5129477848 | Sugar Act | 1764, placed a prohibitive duty on sugar imported into the colonies. Introduced stricter registration procedures. New regulations squeezed the income of American merchants and eliminated smuggling. Colonial taxes remained at an all time high which caused boycotts of imports. | 28 | |
| 5129477849 | Virtual Representation (vs. actual representation) | Americans were subject to the acts of Parliament by virtual representation. Members of Parliament were thought to represent all citizens but the colonists actually weren't represented. | 29 | |
| 5129477850 | James Otis | A Massachusetts lawyer fond of grand oratory, First to express themes. Examples include, right to his life, his liberty, his property, inherent, inalienable, and indefeasible. He also declared "no taxation without representation." | 30 | |
| 5129477851 | Stamp Act | an act passed by the British parliment in 1765 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents affected lawyers, printers, tavern owners, and other influential colonists. | 31 | |
| 5129477852 | Daniel Dulaney | Maryland lawyer who rejected the Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing taxes (1765) . Believed parliament could impose no tax on them cause there was no actual representation. | 32 | |
| 5129477853 | Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions | Pushed through at a Virginia assembly by Patrick Henry in 1765. Approved for denouncing the Stamp Act and stating "no taxation without representation." | 33 | |
| 5129477854 | Patrick Henry | Radical arguing that George III is a tyrant. In the house of Burgess, he howled treason in the name of his country's dying liberty. | 34 | |
| 5129477855 | Samuel Adams | One of the Loyal nine, associate and friend of James Otis who was involved in politics. Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence | 35 | |
| 5129477856 | Andrew Oliver | Boston's stamp distributor. Part of the crowd assembled on August 14, 1765 in the shade of "liberty tree." House was vandalized and then later resigned his commission. | 36 | |
| 5129477857 | Thomas Hutchinson | Brother-in-law of Andrew Oliver. Leader of Massachusetts conservatives. When he became governor of Massachusetts, ordered British troops out of Boston and arrested soldiers. | 37 | |
| 5129477858 | Sons of Liberty | A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. | 38 | |
| 5129477859 | Stamp Act Congress | October 1765 nine colonies (minus new hamp. and georgia) met in New York City where they passed a set of resolutions denying Parliaments right to tax the colonies, but agreed they had the authority to regulate colonial trade. Many stamp distributors fled in fear making it difficult to enforce the Stamp Act. | 39 | |
| 5129477860 | Lord Rockingham | Replaced Grenville, opposed the stamp act. March 1766 a bill for repeal passed in the house of commons, became prime minister; proposed repeal but believed colonists were inferior to British and that British was able to tax Americans | 40 | |
| 5129477861 | Declaratory Act | Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases. Signaled conflict wasn't resolved just postponed. | 41 |
