Definitions from chapter 14 of the "Out of Many" AP United States History textbook
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| 1742346097 | santa fe trail | the 900-mile trail opened by American merchants for trading purposes following Mexico's liberalization of the formerly restrictive trading policies of Spain | 0 | |
| 1742346098 | manifest destiny | doctrine, first expressed in 1845, that the expansion of white Americans across the continent was inevitable and ordained by God | 1 | |
| 1742346099 | oregon trail | overland trail of more than two thousand miles that carried American settlers from the Midwest to new settlements in Oregon, California, and Utah | 2 | |
| 1742346100 | tejanos | persons of Spanish or Mexican descent born in Texas | 3 | |
| 1742346101 | empresarios | agents who received a land grant from the Spanish or Mexican government in return for organizing settlements | 4 | |
| 1742346102 | alamo | franciscan mission at San Antonio, Texas that was the site in 1836 of a siege and massacre of Texans by Mexican troops | 5 | |
| 1742346103 | mexican american war | war fought between Mexico and the United States between 1846 and 1848 over control of territory in the southwest North America | 6 | |
| 1742346104 | californios | californians of Spanish descent | 7 | |
| 1742346105 | wilmot's proviso | the amendment offered by Pennsylvania Democrat David Wilmot in 1846 which stipulated that "as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall never exist in any part of said territory." | 8 | |
| 1742346106 | popular sovereignty | a solution to the slavery crisis suggested by Michigan senator Lewis Cass by which territorial residents, not Congress, would decide slavery's fate | 9 | |
| 2012582673 | John Tyler | (1841-1845) His opinions on all the important issues had been forcefully stated, and he had only been chosen to balance the Whig ticket with no expectation he would ever have power. He was in favor of state's rights, and a strict interpretation of the constitution, he opposed protective tariffs, a national bank and internal improvements at national expense. He was dubbed "his accidency" for his accident succession to the office of president. | 10 | |
| 2012582674 | John Slidell | A diplomat sent by Polk to buy California, New Mexico, and Texas from the Mexicans. Mexico rejected his offer and Polk sent Taylor's army into Mexico | 11 | |
| 2012582675 | Winfield Scott | "Old Fuss and Feathers," whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War. Also United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866) | 12 | |
| 2012582676 | Lord Ashburton | He was sent by England to Washington in 1842 to work things out with Secretary Webster over boundary disputes. He was a nonprofessional diplomat that was married to a wealthy American woman. He and Webster finally compromised on the Maine boundary. They split the area of land and Britain kept the Halifax-Quebec route. | 13 | |
| 2012582677 | Zachary Taylor | (1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore. | 14 | |
| 2012582678 | Nicholas P. Trist | chief clerk in the State Department, was sent to negotiate a peace treaty with a defeated Mexico in 1847. Before he could open negotiations he was summoned to return, but he ignored the order and stayed to negotiate the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | 15 | |
| 2012582679 | James K. Polk | (1845-1849) The Mexican War starts in 1846. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ends the war in 1848. Wanted to settle Oregon boundary dispute with Great Britain. Wanted to aquire California and to incorperate Texas into union, while reducing the tarriff and re-establish an independent treasury system. A"dark horse" Democratic candidate; acquired majority of the western US (Mexican Cession, Texas Annexation, Oregon Country), lowered tariffs, created Independent Treasury, | 16 | |
| 2012582680 | Stephan W. Kearny | (1846) this general led a detachmetn of 1700 troops over the famous Santa Fe Trail from Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fe | 17 | |
| 2012582681 | David Wilmot | Congressman who proposed the amendment that would have outlawed slavery from Mexican territories, and congressional author of resolution forbidding slavery in territory acquired from Mexico., | 18 | |
| 2012582682 | Robert Gray | American navigator who twice circumnavigated the globe and who discovered the Columbia River (1755-1806) | 19 | |
| 2012582683 | John C. Fremont | A captain and an explorer who was in California with several dozen well-armed men when the Mexican War broke out. He helped to overthrow the Mexican rule in 1846 by collaborating with Americans who had tried to raise the banner of the California Bear Republic. Fremont helped to take California from the inside. | 20 | |
| 2012582684 | joint resolution | A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president | 21 | |
| 2012582685 | Fiscal Bank | Went on the same lines as the two Banks of the US It seems the word fiscal in the title gave the idea that it would overcome some of the popular objections to the establishment of a third great national bank. President vetoed it in 1841 on alleged constitutional grounds. This ended all serious attempts to create a great national bank. | 22 | |
| 2012582686 | Webster-Ashburton Treaty | 1842, between the US and the British, it, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, and talked about slavery and excredition | 23 | |
| 2012582687 | "spot" resolutions | Proposed by Abraham Lincoln in the spring of 1846. After news from president James K. Polk that 16 American service men had been killed or wounded on the Mexican border in American territory, Abraham Lincoln, then a congressman from Illinois, proposed these resolutions to find out exactly on what spot the American soldier's blood had been shed. In Polk's report to congress the President stated that the American soldiers fell on American soil, but they actually fell on disputed territory that Mexico had historical claims to. To find out were the soldiers fell was important because congress was near to declaring war on Mexico. | 24 | |
| 2012582688 | Tariff of 1842 | A protective tariff signed by President John Tyler, it raised the general level of duties to about where they had been before the Compromise Tariff of 1833. Also banned pornography by increasing its cost. | 25 | |
| 2012582689 | "conscience" whigs | Opposed the US-MEX war from the beginning on moral grounds. Warned of a Southern conspiracy to add new slave states in the West, undermine the Jeffersonian ideal of a yeoman freeholder society and ensure permanent control of the federal government by slave holding Democrats. | 26 | |
| 2012582690 | Bear Flag revolt | (1846) a revolt that took place during the Mexican American War when 500 Americans (Anglos) in Mexican California took the city of Sonoma, CA in the spirit of Manifest Destiny and declared California to be an independent nation | 27 | |
| 2012582691 | Caroline | An American steamer that was attacked by the British while it was carrying supplies to the insurgents across the Niagera River. It was set on fire and sank short of Niagara Falls. | 28 | |
| 2012582692 | Hudson's Bay Company | founded in 1670 in London, England, by a group of British merchants eager to exploit the resources of northern Canada. It was at one time the largest landowner in the world. From its longtime headquarters at York Factory on Hudson Bay, it controlled fur trade throughout much of British-controlled North America for several centuries, undertaking early exploration. | 29 | |
| 2012582693 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million plus war debts. | 30 | |
| 2012582694 | Liberty party | A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848 | 31 | |
| 2012582695 | "all of Mexico" | People that believed strong in the Manifest Destiny wanted all of Mexico to be added to the country which posed many problems and was never done, due to conflicts with language, traditions, and background. | 32 | |
| 2012582696 | Aroostook War | A dispute arose over between the U.S. and Britain over the Maine-Canada border, mainly lumberjacks fighting on each side over who'd get to chop down the lumber. | 33 | |
| 2012582697 | Walker Tariff | 1846 - Sponsored by Polk's Secretary of Treasury, Robert J. Walker, it lowered the tariff. It introduced the warehouse system of storing goods until duty is paid. | 34 |
