8,000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E.
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| 294610628 | Paleontologist | studies fossils and animal remains | 0 | |
| 294610629 | Anthropologist | studies physical, social, and cultural characteristics of humans | 1 | |
| 294610630 | Archaeologist | studies building and objects left behind by humans | 2 | |
| 294610631 | Features of a civilization | -economic system -form of political government -moral code (shared religion) -intellectual tradition (written language) | 3 | |
| 294610632 | Paleolithic Era | "Old Stone" | 4 | |
| 294610633 | Mesolithic Era | "Middle Stone" | 5 | |
| 294610634 | Neolithic Era | "New Stone" (advanced in technologies and achievements) | 6 | |
| 294610635 | Gender division of labor | Woman= gather Men= hunt (Instigates gender inequality) | 7 | |
| 294610636 | Characteristics of Hunter-Gatherers | Nomadic, created use of fire, Egalitarian, and economy based on kinships | 8 | |
| 294610637 | Neolithic Revolution | production of agriculture and farming; and domestication of animals and plants | 9 | |
| 294610638 | Mesoamerica | maize, beans, squash | 10 | |
| 294610639 | Andes | beans, potatoes | 11 | |
| 294610640 | West Africa | yams | 12 | |
| 294610641 | Europe | wheat, barley | 13 | |
| 294610642 | East Africa | wheat, barley | 14 | |
| 294610643 | India/Vietnam | rice | 15 | |
| 294610644 | North China | millet, soybeans | 16 | |
| 294610645 | Southeast Asia | bananas, rice, yams, peas pigs, oxen, chickens | 17 | |
| 294610646 | Egalitarian | society where men and women were equal | 18 | |
| 294610647 | First major migrations | Africa | 19 | |
| 294610648 | Pastoralism | -domesticated animals -separated society into classes -improved weaponry -new ways of transportation (chariot,wheel) -abundant food supply -increased population | 20 | |
| 294610649 | Agricultural Societies | -first village in Meditterraean -forced slave labor -greater impact on environment - selective breeding, irrigation systems, domestication of animals -agricultural villages turned into cities | 21 | |
| 294610650 | South America | sweet potatoes llamas and alpacas | 22 | |
| 294610651 | Southwest Asia | wheat and barley sheep and goats | 23 | |
| 294610652 | Ex. of Agricultural Societies | Indus River Valley, Yellow, Mesopotamia, Papau New Guine, Mesoamerica, Andean, and South America | 24 | |
| 294610653 | Urban societies | Originated 5,000 years ago Increased warfare (which lead to advances in technology) | 25 | |
| 294610654 | Core Foundational Civilizations | -Mesopotamia/Tigres and Euphrates River Valley -Harappa/Mohenjo Daro/Indus River Valley -Shang/Yellow River Valley -Olmecs (Mesoamerica) -Chavin (Andean South America) | 26 | |
| 294610655 | States | -powerful systems of rule that mobilize surplus later and resources over large areas -ruled by ruler associated with divine group -ruler supported by military -able to conquer surrounding states -distinct culture | 27 | |
| 294610656 | Culture | laws, language, literature, religion, myths, and monumental architecture helped unify states | 28 | |
| 294610657 | Art | supported by elite society (sculpture, painting, elaborate weaving) | 29 | |
| 294610658 | Record Keeping | Hyeroglyphics, cuneiform, phonetic alphabet, pictographs, quipu | 30 | |
| 294610659 | New Religious beliefs | -New Religions: Vedic (India) Hebrew Monotheism-Judaism (Israel) Zorastrianism | 31 | |
| 294610660 | Trade | Local -->Regional --> Transregional | 32 | |
| 294610661 | Invention of the plow | Surplus production resulted from this invention | 33 | |
| 294610662 | Metallurgy | Science of extracting and refining metal from raw ore | 34 | |
| 294610663 | Metalworking | craft of shaping refined metal into tools | 35 | |
| 294610664 | Bronze Age | Period directly after the Neolithic Era (ended with the invention of iron) First civilizations were formed | 36 | |
| 294610665 | Decline of Egypt | -strong attacks from the north -lost control of Nubia -survived but weakened | 37 | |
| 294610666 | Decline of Hittites | -occupied present day Turkey -attacked from Turkey -disappeared | 38 | |
| 294610667 | Decline of Indus Valley People | -Mohenjo-Daro/Harappa -eventually disappeared -attacked by Aryans | 39 | |
| 294610668 | Decline of Mycenaens | -came before Greek civilization and after the Trojan wars | 40 | |
| 294610669 | Decline of China | -didn't decline -wasn't attacked because they were isolated from others | 41 | |
| 294610670 | Phoenicians Migration | -created alphabet -Eastern Meditterraean -traveled to North Africa/South Europe -spread knowledge of boats | 42 | |
| 294610671 | Israelites Migration | -began in Mesopotamia -Migrated to East Meditteraean than to Egypt -became slaves in Egypt | 43 | |
| 294610672 | Aryans Migration | -originated in Caucasus region -nomadic people -migrated in various directions, taking over many civilizations -created the caste system | 44 | |
| 294610673 | Classical Civilizations | -better recordkeeping -delibretly expansionous -larger than early civilizations | 45 | |
| 294610674 | Locations of Classical Civilizations | -Meditterraean (Greeks and Romans) -China (Zhou and Han dynasties) -India (Mauryan and Gupta empires) | 46 | |
| 294610675 | Common features of Classical civilizations | -Patriarchal family structure -agricultural economy -farming=main occupation -complex governments -expanding trade base | 47 | |
| 294610676 | Decline of Gupta | - 500 C.E. -least amount of negative impact on region -even though fragmented, they were united by religion (Hinduism and caste system) -able to form new empire and unite India | 48 | |
| 294610677 | Common factors of Classical civilization decline | -attacked by Huns -migrated south and west due to drought (lack of pasture) -successful because invention of stirrup -political institutions deteriorated -trouble with border protection (mass expansion) -disease, epidemics, plagues | 49 | |
| 294610678 | Decline of Rome | - 476 C.E. -most negative impact on region -completely disappeared | 50 | |
| 294610679 | Decline of Han | - 220 C.E. -long period of chaos and disorder -centralized government held the empire together -Han doesn't die because of cultural threads (Confucianism) | 51 | |
| 294610680 | Common effects of decline of Classical civilizations | -trade disrupted but survived (increased on the Indian Ocean) -importance of religion increased, political authority decreased (expansion of Christianity in the West/Expansion of Buddhism in China) -political disunity in Middle East lead to Islam | 52 | |
| 294610681 | Continuities | - economy = primarily agricultural -men were dominant sex -spiritual beliefs -threat of invaders | 53 | |
| 294610682 | Changes | -learned to manage the water on flood plains -development of agriculture led to more food production -need for food production to be overseen helped form the government -one man ruled until families began to take over -stationary societies led to religious and ethical beliefs -technology lead to variety of jobs (split up social classes) -people began to live longer due to more food production | 54 |
