Terms and Concepts from Bentley and Ziegler's Traditions & Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past
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| 277971254 | feudalism | -medieval European political and social order -consisted of a hierarchy of lords and vassals | 0 | |
| 277971255 | missi dominici | -"envoys of the lord ruler" -imperial officials in Charlemagne's form of administration. -kept the counts (aristocratic deputies sometimes with their own ways of ruling) in line with the central govt -traveled to all local jurisdictions every year | 1 | |
| 277971256 | Political achievements of Europe during the early middle ages | -Carolingian Empire by Charlemagne -feudalism -counts -missi dominici | 2 | |
| 277971257 | Economy of Europe during the early middle ages | -small, rural civilizations -heavy, iron-tipped plows -water mills -communities were able to support political elites -rarely enough agricultural surplus to allow for many artisans, crafts workers, merchants, or professionals -small scale trade -maritime trade by Norse merchant mariners | 3 | |
| 277971258 | lords | -took care of political and military affairs within their manors -land grants to retainers | 4 | |
| 277971259 | retainers | -the lords private military -exchanged their loyalty, obedience, and military services to the lord, in return for grants in terms of land and rights | 5 | |
| 277971260 | serfs | -semifree people -usually peasants who pledged their obedience, labor, and part of their harvest to the lords in return for protection and land to cultivate -rarely able to move around; if they did, it was only with the permission of their lord -once a serf, they typically had to stay a serf, but they were often allowed to pass their land down to their heirs -they were treated as a valued part of society, so long as they remained obedient to their lord | 6 | |
| 277971261 | How did the medieval political system make it difficult but not impossible to build powerful states in Europe? | -the lords sometimes had a hard time maintaning control over the retainers -if the retainers and lords could build powerful loyal relationships, it would've been possible to build a powerful state in Europe | 7 | |
| 277971262 | Charlemagne | -"Charles the Great" -ruled from 768-814 -known for reestablishing centralized imperial rule in a chaotic society -building the Carolingian Empire (France) -counts and missi dominici | 8 | |
| 277971263 | Significance of Clovis's conversion | -ruler of the Franks -converted b/c of his wife -made alliance with western church; made them very powerful | 9 | |
| 277980369 | Historians use the term Middle Ages to refer to | the era from about 500 to 1500 C.E. | 10 | |
| 277980370 | The Carolingian empire dissolved because | -Charlemagne's descendants were politically weak and disunited -Vikings began raiding northern France -Charlemagne's grandsons divided the empire into three parts -Magyars raided France from the east | 11 | |
| 277980371 | In England, ninth-century Scandinavian invasions | promoted various small kingdoms to merge into a larger realm | 12 | |
| 277980372 | The Franks helped to promote Christianity by | -destroying the Lombards who threatened Rome -accepting recognition and backing from the popes -inviting Christian scholars to the court -military force | 13 | |
| 277980373 | The conversion of England was accomplished through | missionary campaigns of Gregory I | 14 | |
| 277980374 | According to St. Benedict's Rule, monks in monasteries should | live communal, celibate lives | 15 | |
| 277980375 | St. Scholastica | adapted her brother's Rule as guidance for nuns | 16 | |
| 277980376 | Which social services was provided by monasteries? | -inns -refuges -orphanages -schools, libraries, scriptoria -medical care | 17 | |
| 277980377 | What was the life like in Western Europe after the collapse of the western Roman empire, politically, socially, and economically | - | 18 |
