Terms : Hide Images
| 11910053689 | soil | complex plant-supporting system made up of disintegrated rock, remains and wastes of organisms, water, gases, nutrients, and micororganisms | 0 | |
| 11910053690 | parent materials | base geological material in a particular location such as volcanic ash or glacial till | 1 | |
| 11910053691 | bedrock | continuous mass of solid rock that makes up the Earth's crust, can be one type of the parent material | 2 | |
| 11910053692 | factors that influence soil formation | climate, organisms, landforms, parent material, time | 3 | |
| 11910053693 | weathering | physical and chemical processes that break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles (physical, chemical)Rain, strong winds, and the exposure to compounds in water and air are examples of ____________________. | 4 | |
| 11910053694 | soil horizons | distinct soil layers | 5 | |
| 11910053695 | 0 horizon | litter layer | 6 | |
| 11910053696 | A horizon | topsoil | 7 | |
| 11910053697 | E horizon | leaching layer (under the topsoil) | 8 | |
| 11910053698 | B horizon | subsoil | 9 | |
| 11910053699 | C horizon | weathered parent material | 10 | |
| 11910053700 | R horizon | parent material | 11 | |
| 11910053701 | soil profile | cross-section of all the soil horizons in a specific soil |  | 12 |
| 11910053702 | clay | particles less than 0.002 millimeter | 13 | |
| 11910053703 | silt | particles between 0.002 - 0.05 millimeter | 14 | |
| 11910053704 | sand | mostly particles between 0.5 - 2 millimeter | 15 | |
| 11910053705 | loam | soil with a relatively even mixture of the three particle sizes | 16 | |
| 11910053706 | soil degradation | deterioration of soil characteristics needed for plant growth or other ecosystem services | 17 | |
| 11910053707 | intercropping | planting of different crops in mixed arrangements | 18 | |
| 11910053708 | crop rotation | when farmers alternate crops grown in a field (from year to year) | 19 | |
| 11910053709 | cover crops | crops planted to reduce erosion after a field has been harvested and before the next season's planting (often nitrogen-fixing crops to also limit nitrogen loss) | 20 | |
| 11910053710 | shelterbelts | also called windbreaks, rows of trees or other tall plants planted along the edges of fields to reduce wind (often poplars) |  | 21 |
| 11910053711 | tilling | turning-over of soil before planting | 22 | |
| 11910053712 | terracing | transforms steep slopes into a series of steps enabling farmers to cultivate slopes without loosing a lot of soil to erosion |  | 23 |
| 11910053713 | contour farming | plowing sideways across a hillside, perpendicular to the hill's slope, following the contours of the land, and the downhill side of each furrow catches soil so not to be eroded |  | 24 |
| 11910053714 | overgrazing | when too many animals eat too much of the plant cover, preventing regrowth and often causing erosion which can lead to desertification | 25 | |
| 11910053715 | desertification | a loss of more than 10% of the soil's productivity due to erosion, soil compaction, forest removal, overgrazing, drought, salt buildup and other factors | 26 | |
| 11910053716 | Dust Bowl | region in southern Great Plains (USA) devastated by desertification in 1930s | 27 | |
| 11910053717 | irrigation | providing of water other than precipitation to crops | 28 | |
| 11910053718 | salinization | buildup of salts in upper soil horizons, usually in dry areas where precipitation is low and evaporation is high | 29 | |
| 11910053719 | pesticides | chemical that kill organisms that compete with crops (plants we value) can contaminate ground water | 30 | |
| 11910053720 | traditional agriculture | biologically powered agriculture, without motorized machines, sometimes use irrigation and organic fertilizer, but does not require use of fossil fuels | 31 | |
| 11910053721 | yield | amount of crop produced in certain area | 32 | |
| 11910053722 | industrial agriculture | using of mechanized farming technology, irrigation, and manufactured chemicals to grow crops | 33 | |
| 11910053723 | monoculture | large areas planted with only one crop | 34 | |
| 11910053724 | green revolution | agricultural scientists from developed nations introduced new technologies, crop varieties and farming practices to the developing world in the mid-late 1900s (means ":covered with green", NOT environmentally friendly) | 35 | |
| 11910053725 | biological pest control | battling pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them | 36 | |
| 11910053726 | integrated pest management (IPM) | complex strategies where different techniques,such as biological controls, some pesticides, and crop rotation are combined to achieve the most effective long-term pest reduction | 37 | |
| 11910053727 | pollinators | animals that fertilize flowers (insects, hummingbirds, bats), most vital and least appreciated factors in agriculture, reduced by pesticides | 38 | |
| 11910053728 | arable land | land suitable for farming, requiredfor sustainable agriculture | 39 | |
| 11910053729 | food security | a guarantee of an adequate and reliable food supply for all people at all times | 40 | |
| 11910053730 | malnutrition | shortage of nutrients the body needs | 41 | |
| 11910053731 | genetic engineering | process in which scientists directly manipulate the organism's DNA by using recombinant DNA technology | 42 | |
| 11910053732 | genetically modified organisms (GM, GMO) | organisms undergone genetic engineering to resist herbicides so crops can grow more efficiently | 43 | |
| 11910053733 | biotechnology | use of genetic engineering to introduce new genes into organisms to produce more valuable products (medicines, crops ...) | 44 | |
| 11910053734 | benefits of GM | better yields, less pesticide use | 45 | |
| 11910053735 | risks of GM | evolving of super-pests, polluting the genomes of wild plants and animals, the escape of GM genes into non-GM crops | 46 | |
| 11910053736 | feedlots | concentrated animal feeding operations (factory farms) | 47 | |
| 11910053737 | aquaculture | raising of aquatic animals for food in controlled environments | 48 | |
| 11910053738 | seed banks | organizations that preserve seeds of diverse plants as a kind of insurance policy against a global crop collapse. | 49 | |
| 11910053739 | sustainable agriculture | agriculture that does not deplete soil faster than it is formed, and doesn't reduce the amount of quality of soil, water and genetic diversity essential to long-term crop and livestock production | 50 | |
| 11910053740 | organic agriculture | food-growing practices that use no synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides or herbicides, but instead rely on biological approaches such as composting and biological pest control | 51 | |
| 11910053741 | Poisons soil and kills pollinators | What is one of the problematic side effects of pesticide use is the fact that what happens | 52 | |
| 11910053742 | Integrated pest management | A farmer has an infestation of aphids and greenflies he introduces ladybugs which prey on aphids and uses a limited does a pesticide to deal with the flies. His approach to insect pests is what | 53 | |
| 11910053743 | You would expect to find most farmers who use GM crops living in | In a wealthy developed nation | 54 |
