AP World History Period 2: 600 BCE to 600 CE
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| 3265884561 | What factors shaped the features of early trade routes in the eastern hemisphere? | Climate and location of routes, typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of the people involved. | 0 | |
| 3265884562 | What are the 4 most significant trade routes of the period between 600BCE and 600CE? | 1. Eurasian Silk Roads 2. Trans-Saharan caravan routes 3. Indian Ocean sea lanes 4. Mediterranean sea lanes | 1 | |
| 3265884563 | What new technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange between 600BCE and 600CE? | Yokes, saddles, and stirrups permitted the use of domesticated pack animals. | 2 | |
| 3265884564 | What factors stimulated early exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia? | Innovations in maritime technology and advanced knowledge of monsoon winds. Ex. Lateen sail and dhow ships. | 3 | |
| 3265884565 | What are the various forms of exchanges that took place between 600BCE and 600CE? | Trade goods, people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens. | 4 | |
| 3265884566 | What crops spread from South Asia to the Middle East? | Rice and cotton. | 5 | |
| 3265884567 | What changes did the spread of crops encourage? | Changed in farming and irrigation techniques. | 6 | |
| 3265884568 | What religious and cultural traditions were transformed as they spread? | Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism. | 7 | |
| 3265884569 | The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by: | Imposing political unity. | 8 | |
| 3265884570 | What are the 6 key states/empires and their locations? | Southwest Asia: Persian Empire East Asia: Qin and Han Empires South Asia: Mauryan and Gupta Empires Mediterranean: Phoenecia, Greek City-states, Hellenistic and Roman empires Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya Andean South America: Moche | 9 | |
| 3265884571 | What did the rulers of empires create to organize their subjects? | Administrative institutions | 10 | |
| 3265884572 | Two important elements of imperial administrations are: | 1. Centralized government 2. Elaborate legal systems & bureaucracies | 11 | |
| 3265884573 | What regions hosted the most famous administrative institutions? | China, Persia, Rome, & South Asia | 12 | |
| 3265884574 | Name 4 ways in which imperial governments projected military power over large areas. | 1. Diplomacy 2. Developing supply lines 3. Building fortifications 4. Defensive walls and roads 5. Drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations or conquered peoples | 13 | |
| 3265884575 | What function did cities play in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas? | 1. Centers of trade 2. Public performance of religious rituals 3. Political administration for states and empires | 14 | |
| 3265884576 | Name 2 important early imperial cities. | Rome & Teotihuacan | 15 | |
| 3265884577 | What did the social structures of early empires display? What groups were typically included? | Hierarchies / Included cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups | 16 | |
| 3265884578 | How did imperial societies maintain food production? | Relied on a range of methods such as peasant communities and slavery. | 17 | |
| 3265884579 | An important reason to produce surplus in imperial societies was: | To provide rewards for the loyalty of elites. | 18 | |
| 3265884580 | ___________ continued to shape gender and family relations in imperial societies. | Patriarchy | 19 | |
| 3265884581 | What specific empires created difficulties they could not manage? | Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta | 20 | |
| 3265884582 | What types of difficulties did Empires create that often led to their collapse/decline/transformation? | Political, cultural, and administrative | 21 | |
| 3265884583 | How did empire create environmental issues and what did these issues lead to? | Successive mobilization of resources led to environmental damage which resulted in social tensions and economic difficulties by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of elites. | 22 | |
| 3265884584 | What sorts of external problems did empires face? | Issues along the frontier such as threat of invasions. | 23 | |
| 3265884585 | What are 2 important examples of empires' external problem? | Rome: Problems with northern and eastern neighbors Gupta: White Huns | 24 | |
| 3265884586 | The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism. | Hebrew (Scriptures) | 25 | |
| 3265884587 | The Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area? | Mesopotamia | 26 | |
| 3265884588 | What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved? | Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome. | 27 | |
| 3265884589 | Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________. | Vedic, Hinduism | 28 | |
| 3265884590 | What core beliefs did Buddhism preach? What scriptures were they recorded in? | Core beliefs: desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment. Scriptures: Sutras & other misc. scriptures. | 29 | |
| 3265884591 | Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________. | The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia. | 30 | |
| 3265884592 | Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________. | Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions. | 31 | |
| 3265884593 | The philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China. | Confucianism | 32 | |
| 3265884594 | Confucianism's main goal was: | to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships. | 33 | |
| 3265884595 | What are the core beliefs of Daoism? | Balance between humans and nature. | 34 | |
| 3265884596 | What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture? | It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture. | 35 | |
| 3265884597 | Christianity drew on which religious tradition? | Judaism | 36 | |
| 3265884598 | Initially, Christianity rejected _______________ influences. | Roman & Hellenistic | 37 | |
| 3265884599 | Christianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________. | Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer Constantine | 38 | |
| 3265884600 | What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science? | Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy. | 39 | |
| 3265884601 | What role did belief systems play in social systems? | Affected gender roles: Judaism & Christianity: encouraged monastic life Confucianism: emphasized filial piety | 40 | |
| 3265884602 | What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations? | Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world. | 41 | |
| 3265884603 | Which major art forms were influenced by belief systems? Which important examples are provided in the Key Concept outline? | Literature, drama, architecture, and sculpture. / Ex. Greek plays, Indian epics | 42 |
