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Period 2- AP World History Flashcards

AP World History Period 2: 600 BCE to 600 CE

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5639315465What factors shaped the features of early trade routes in the eastern hemisphere?Climate and location of routes, typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of the people involved.0
5639315466What are the 4 most significant trade routes of the period between 600BCE and 600CE?1. Eurasian Silk Roads 2. Trans-Saharan caravan routes 3. Indian Ocean sea lanes 4. Mediterranean sea lanes1
5639315467What new technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange between 600BCE and 600CE?Yokes, saddles, and stirrups permitted the use of domesticated pack animals.2
5639315468What factors stimulated early exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia?Innovations in maritime technology and advanced knowledge of monsoon winds. Ex. Lateen sail and dhow ships.3
5639315469What are the various forms of exchanges that took place between 600BCE and 600CE?Trade goods, people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens.4
5639315470What crops spread from South Asia to the Middle East?Rice and cotton.5
5639315471What changes did the spread of crops encourage?Changed in farming and irrigation techniques.6
5639315472What religious and cultural traditions were transformed as they spread?Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.7
5639315473The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by:Imposing political unity.8
5639315474What are the 6 key states/empires and their locations?Southwest Asia: Persian Empire East Asia: Qin and Han Empires South Asia: Mauryan and Gupta Empires Mediterranean: Phoenecia, Greek City-states, Hellenistic and Roman empires Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya Andean South America: Moche9
5639315475What did the rulers of empires create to organize their subjects?Administrative institutions10
5639315476Two important elements of imperial administrations are:1. Centralized government 2. Elaborate legal systems & bureaucracies11
5639315477What regions hosted the most famous administrative institutions?China, Persia, Rome, & South Asia12
5639315478Name 4 ways in which imperial governments projected military power over large areas.1. Diplomacy 2. Developing supply lines 3. Building fortifications 4. Defensive walls and roads 5. Drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations or conquered peoples13
5639315479What function did cities play in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas?1. Centers of trade 2. Public performance of religious rituals 3. Political administration for states and empires14
5639315480Name 2 important early imperial cities.Rome & Teotihuacan15
5639315481What did the social structures of early empires display? What groups were typically included?Hierarchies / Included cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups16
5639315482How did imperial societies maintain food production?Relied on a range of methods such as peasant communities and slavery.17
5639315483An important reason to produce surplus in imperial societies was:To provide rewards for the loyalty of elites.18
5639315484___________ continued to shape gender and family relations in imperial societies.Patriarchy19
5639315485What specific empires created difficulties they could not manage?Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta20
5639315486What types of difficulties did Empires create that often led to their collapse/decline/transformation?Political, cultural, and administrative21
5639315487How did empire create environmental issues and what did these issues lead to?Successive mobilization of resources led to environmental damage which resulted in social tensions and economic difficulties by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of elites.22
5639315488What sorts of external problems did empires face?Issues along the frontier such as threat of invasions.23
5639315489What are 2 important examples of empires' external problem?Rome: Problems with northern and eastern neighbors Gupta: White Huns24
5639315490The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism.Hebrew (Scriptures)25
5639315491The Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area?Mesopotamia26
5639315492What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved?Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome.27
5639315493Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________.Vedic, Hinduism28
5639315494What core beliefs did Buddhism preach? What scriptures were they recorded in?Core beliefs: desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment. Scriptures: Sutras & other misc. scriptures.29
5639315495Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________.The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia.30
5639315496Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________.Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions.31
5639315497The philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China.Confucianism32
5639315498Confucianism's main goal was:to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships.33
5639315499What are the core beliefs of Daoism?Balance between humans and nature.34
5639315500What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture?It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture.35
5639315501Christianity drew on which religious tradition?Judaism36
5639315502Initially, Christianity rejected _______________ influences.Roman & Hellenistic37
5639315503Christianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________.Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer Constantine38
5639315504What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science?Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy.39
5639315505What role did belief systems play in social systems?Affected gender roles: Judaism & Christianity: encouraged monastic life Confucianism: emphasized filial piety40
5639315506What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations?Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world.41
5639315507Which major art forms were influenced by belief systems? Which important examples are provided in the Key Concept outline?Literature, drama, architecture, and sculpture. / Ex. Greek plays, Indian epics42

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