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| 11240398737 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 0 | |
| 11240398738 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher and scientist. A pupil of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, in 335 BC he founded a school and library (the Lyceum) outside Athens. His surviving written works constitute a vast system of analysis, including logic, physical science, zoology, psychology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and rhetoric. He established the inductive method of reasoning and proposed a system for the classification of plants and animals. | 1 | |
| 11240398739 | Ashoka (Asoka) | Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India. He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.; grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhism and sponsored its spread throughout his empire | 2 | |
| 11240398740 | Julius Caesar | Nephew of the general Marius, and himself a reform-minded general of Rome, responsible for conquest of Gaul in the 50s of the 1st century B.C.E.; brought his army back to Rome and overthrew the republic in 49 B.C.E.; claimed himself a life-time dictator in 46 B.C.E., but was assassinated by the wealthy elite class in 44 B.C.E. | 3 | |
| 11240398741 | Chandragupta Maurya | -Founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization; -A leader who exploited the turmoil that Alexander the Great left when he attacked India. He overthrew the Magadha empire and expanded his own empire into Greek Bactria | 4 | |
| 11240398742 | Confucius | -(551-479 BCE) A Chinese philosopher known also as Kong Fuzi and created one of the most influential philosophies in Chinese history; -Western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi. His doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials. | 5 | |
| 11240398743 | Constantine | -Emperor of the Roman Empire who moved the capital to Constantinople. He eventually converted to Christianity as well. -(312-337) Strong emperor toward the end of the Roman Empire who tried with some success to reverse the tide of its ultimate fall. Constantine moved the capital away from Rome to Constantinople and allowed freedom of worship for Christians with the Edict of Milan. | 6 | |
| 11240398744 | Cyrus the Great | -A remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom. -Established massive Persian empire across the norhtern Mediterranean and into northwestern India by 500 BCE; successor state to Mesopotamian empires | 7 | |
| 11240398745 | Darius | | -The great king of Persia. He was able to become a king after a year of a civil war following the death of someone. He is responsible for the expansion of Persia. He made a province in western India and expanded Persia as far north as Macedonia.Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage -Emperor who allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild it. | 8 | |
| 11240398746 | Emperor Wu | -Emperor under the Han Dynasty that wanted to create a stronger central government by taking land from the lords, raising taxes and places the supply of grain under the government's control -He came to be an emperor as a teenager, and he did much to increase his power. He launched military operations, abandoned the policy of appeasing the Xiongnu, built up the military (especially Calvary) and went on offense. | 9 | |
| 11240398747 | Galen of Pergamum | The personal physician to the emperor Marcus Aurelius, who was born in Pergamon (now modern Turkey), studied medicine in Alexandria, and traveled in Egypt where he learned about Indian and African remedies. He believed that illness was due to an imbalance of the four humors. His systematic approaches to balancing the humors through bloodletting or consuming certain foods was the basis for modern medicine for over a thousand years. It was only discredited in the 1800s. He regularly prescribed wine and wine-based remedies for the emperor. | 10 | |
| 11240398748 | Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism who tried to find the source of suffering. He achieved enlightenment and made the Noble Eight-fold Path and the Four Noble Truths | 11 | |
| 11240398749 | Han Fei Zi | Collected Legalist ideas and synthesized them in a collection of powerful essays on statecraft. Strengthen and expand the state at all costs. The state's power derived from agriculture and the armed forces. Need to have strict and harsh laws. Not a popular viewpoint, but use of Legalist approaches often bought results. Helped to unify China. | 12 | |
| 11240398750 | Hannibal (Barca) | Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants. | 13 | |
| 11240398751 | Hippocrates | "Founder of Medicine" During the Golden Age in Greece he was a scientist that believed all diseases came from natural causes. He also had high ideals for physicians & an oath was made that is still used today. | 14 | |
| 11240398752 | Jesus of Nazareth | Charismatic Jewish teacher, founder of Christianity; taught devotion to God and love for fellow human beings; viewed as a threat by Roman authorities and was executed in the early 30s C.E. After death, his followers called him "Christ," meaning "the anointed one," the savior who would bring individuals into the kingdom of God. | 15 | |
| 11240398753 | Justinian | -Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians -Eastern Roman emperor between 527 and 565 CE; tried to restore unity of old Roman Empire; issued most famous compilation of Roman Law; extended later Roman architecture (ex. Hagia Sopia) | 16 | |
| 11240398754 | Laozi | -Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature -The "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism) | 17 | |
| 11240398755 | Mencius | -(371?-289 BCE), Chinese philosopher, who studied Confucianism. He later refined many of the ideas and spread them across China. Also known as Mengzi, or Meng-tzu. -Believed human nature was basically good; emphasized ren; critics thought he was naïvelly optimistic. | 18 | |
| 11240398756 | Moses | -Led the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments -(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus | 19 | |
| 11240398757 | Octavian (Augustus Caesar) | Grandnephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar; defeated his principle rival, Mark Antony (who had joined forces with Cleopatra, last of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt) in 31 B.C.E.; the Senate bestowed upon him the title Augustus in 27 B.C.E.; became the first Roman emperor and ruled Rome for 45 years. | 20 | |
| 11240398758 | Paul of Tarsus | Jew from Anatolia who zealously preached Christianity throughout the Roman empire; called for individuals to observe high moral standards and to place their faith ahead of personal and family interests; promised a glorious future existence for those who conscientiously observed the faith. He was executed by Roman authorities. | 21 | |
| 11240398759 | Pericles | -Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon. -Most famous Greek political figure; dominated Athenian politics; guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early ages of Peloponnesian War | 22 | |
| 11240398760 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization. (163), unified China, ruled Qin dynasty,built many roads, started Great Wall of China, divided kingdoms into districs, the first emperor of China | 23 | |
| 11240398761 | Socrates | -Philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method -A philosopher who believed that his students should think for themselves, so he taught in the form of asking questions; A Greek philosopher who attacked the nobility of Athens. For this he was accused of poisoning Athenian youth and sentenced to death. Instead he poisoned himself and died | 24 | |
| 11240398762 | Theodora | The wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt. | 25 | |
| 11240398763 | Plato | -Ancient Athenian philosopher, Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society -Student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle; The man who preserved Socrates's teachings by writing them down in the form of dialogue; A Greek philosopher who believed in a perfect government that was led by philosophical elites. Developed the idea that would become the Roman Republic | 26 | |
| 11240398764 | Xerxes | son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C. | 27 | |
| 11240398765 | Zoroaster/Zarathustra | -Founder of Zoroastrianism, which taught devotion to the monotheistic god, Ahura Mazda. -Teachings resulted in the emergence of Zoroastrianism; became disenchanted with the traditional religion and its concentration on bloody sacrifices and mechanical rituals ;experienced a series of visions and became convinced that the supreme god, Ahura Mazda (the "wise lord") made him a prophet | 28 |
