Terms : Hide Images
| 88255278 | Charlemagne | first to create an empire in Europe after the fall of the Byzantine Empire | 0 | |
| 88255279 | Scandinavian Homelands | Norway, Denmark, Sweden | 1 | |
| 88255280 | Motives for Norse Expansion | population pressure, and resisting Christian missionaries | 2 | |
| 88255281 | Norse Expansion | vikings; some mounted raids from Russia to Spain; outstanding seafarers; established a colony in Canada about 1000 CE | 3 | |
| 88255282 | Establishment of Regional Authorities | England: Small kingdoms merged to defend against Scandinavian raids Germany: after Carolingian empire, took matters into own hands France: counts and local authorities became local lords | 4 | |
| 88260750 | Major Source of Order | feudalism and Catholic Church | 5 | |
| 88260751 | lords an retainers= | regional aristocrats | 6 | |
| 88260752 | benefice/ fief | granted land that a lord provided a retainer | 7 | |
| 88260753 | serfs and manors | could not be bought or sold | 8 | |
| 88260754 | serf obligations | labor service and rents= share of harvest; could not move lands without permission | 9 | |
| 88260755 | manors | largely self- sufficient communities | 10 | |
| 88260756 | early medieval European inventions | heavy plows, watermills, rotating crops, and rural society (surplus not enough for large cities) | 11 | |
| 88260757 | Roles of Monasteries | western Europe-dominant feature in social and cultural life large landholdings organized labor force and agricultural production provided social services- inns, schools, orphanages, and hospitals | 12 | |
| 88260758 | center of learning for monasteries | libraries and scriptoria | 13 | |
| 88260759 | Literate people in Europe become___ | clergy and monks for the Catholic Church | 14 | |
| 88260760 | Problems in church | village priest were married & families; bishops sold church positions; king determined bishop | 15 | |
| 88260761 | Great Schism | French and Romans split; French and Romans have separate popes; Which is real? | 16 | |
| 88264061 | Crusades | failed to take Palestine from Muslims | 17 | |
| 88264062 | 1095 | Pope Urban II called Christian knights to take arms and seize the Holy Land | 18 | |
| 88264063 | Consequences of Crusades | established states in Syria and Palestine; encouraged trade with Muslims/ demanded more luxury; Muslim ideas filter to Europe (aristotle, science, astronomy, numbers, paper) | 19 | |
| 88264064 | Holy Roman Empire Investiture Contest | Church officials no longer appointed by local rulers | 20 | |
| 88264065 | Duke Williams of Normandy | invaded England in 1066 (last successful one) | 21 | |
| 88264066 | Popes rule good size area in Italy | Regional States in Italy and Iberia | 22 | |
| 88264067 | Prosperous northern Italian city-states | Florence, Bologna, Genoa, Milan, Venice | 23 | |
| 88264068 | Christian Muslim States in Iberia | Muslim conquerors ruled 8-11th centuries; Christian Kingdoms take over (except Granada) late 13th century | 24 | |
| 88277555 | Europe developed in isolation | needed protection from vikings, in response established feudalism and manorialism | 25 | |
| 88277556 | Primogeniture | land and titles past to eldest son | 26 | |
| 88277557 | Crop rotation system | 3 field system grew crops on 2/3 of property= more food | 27 | |
| 88277558 | new tools and technology that increased land cultivation | watermills, heavy plows, horseshoes, and horse collars | 28 | |
| 88277559 | New food Supplies | Before: mostly grains After: meat, dairy, fish, vegetables, legumes | 29 | |
| 88277560 | Mediterranean trade | Italian merchants dominated and established colonies | 30 | |
| 88277561 | The Hanseatic League | association of trading cities; Hansa dominated trade in norther Europe | 31 | |
| 88277562 | Improved business techniques | bankers issued letters of credit to merchants; commercial partnerships for limiting risks of commercial investment | 32 | |
| 88277563 | Three Estates | pray, fight, work | 33 | |
| 88277564 | Chivalry | code of ethics for feudal nobles; directed toward Christian faith and piety | 34 | |
| 88277565 | Knights fought for______ | lord, lady, God | 35 | |
| 88277566 | Independent Cities | urban populations increasingly resisted demands of feudal nobles | 36 | |
| 88277567 | Guilds | regulate production of sale goods; admitted women | 37 | |
| 88277568 | Commercial Revolution | encouraged growth of trade, banking, and trading alliances; would make more money if it had avoided Middle East; caravel- allowed sailing against the wind | 38 | |
| 88277569 | School Theology | tied to church; Greek texts idea of "reason" challenged the idea of faith | 39 | |
| 88277570 | Influence of Aristotle | obtained work from Byzantine and Muslim philosophers | 40 |
