Hello, welcome to the ultimate study guide for the AP World History exam. Have fun, and good luck. This is basically a compilation of every notecard term in the unit.
Terms : Hide Images
| 14508016630 | Catholic Reformation | the church's actions to revive their reputation and membership roles in 1545 (regained control of most of southern Europe, Austria, Poland, and much of Hungary) | 0 | |
| 14508016631 | Jesuits | a religious order converting people to return to the church (went to Asia + Americas in 1500's) | 1 | |
| 14508016632 | Thirty Years War | War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia | 2 | |
| 14508016633 | English Civil War | This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished. | 3 | |
| 14508016634 | Scientific Revolution | a new vision of science developed during the renaissance in the 17th + 18th century | 4 | |
| 14508016635 | Humanism | interest in the capabilities and accomplishments of individuals | 5 | |
| 14508016636 | Patrons | supporters of the arts, with payment and such, they found talented artists, often when they were young | 6 | |
| 14508016637 | Medici | was a powerful family of Florence in the mid to late 1400s that sponsored artists as a rich merchant family |  | 7 |
| 14508016638 | Johan Gutenberg | a German goldsmith and printer, who created the printing press, in 1454 |  | 8 |
| 14508016639 | Nicolo Machiavelli | a Renaissance writer who wrote, "The Prince" which was a famous philosophical view of the ideal political leader in the 16th century, in Italian city states | 9 | |
| 14508016640 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches |  | 10 |
| 14508016641 | Indulgences | The Catholic Church's grants of salvation for money in the 1500s, and was part of the growing corruption of the church. |  | 11 |
| 14508016642 | John Calvin | A protestant who established a variation of his beliefs on a stern and vengeful God. |  | 12 |
| 14508016643 | Anglican Church | A form of Christianity established by Henry VIII that was not decided on the grounds of religious belief, but because the pope would not allow him to divorce his wife. |  | 13 |
| 14508016644 | Martin Luther | a German monk who wrote the 95 theses in 1517, which were 95 propositions that criticized the Catholic Church |  | 14 |
| 14508016645 | Renaissance Man | Title of a person who was smart and genius in the Renaissance Era. |  | 15 |
| 14508016646 | Land-based Powers | A shift in land based powers where governments controlled lands by building armies, bureaucracies, road, canals, and walls that unified and protected | 16 | |
| 14508016647 | Renaissance | A heightened intellectual and artistic advance from about 1450s, that changed Europe forever |  | 17 |
| 14508016648 | Constitutional Monarchy | States where rulers shared power with a parliament, a body of representatives selected by the nobility and urban citizens | 18 | |
| 14508016649 | Phillip II | ruled Spain at the height of its power in the 15th century | 19 | |
| 14508016650 | Louis XIV | Understood the importance of a "theatre state", by building a magnificent palace at Versailles, and the apex of absolutism occurred under him |  | 20 |
| 14508016651 | Mercantilism | the responsibility of government to promote the states economy to improve the revenues and limit imports to prevent profits from going to outsiders (allows industry to develop their own business) |  | 21 |
| 14508016652 | Versailles | a place where Louis' palace was built symbolizing the French's triumph over the traditional rights of the nobility and clergy. This kept nobles away from plotting rebellions, and 'distracted europe'. |  | 22 |
| 14508016653 | Christopher Columbus | A Genoese mariner who convinced Isabella and Ferdinand to sponsor a voyage across the Atlantic after he was turned down by the Genoese and Portugal. He believed he could reach east Asia by sailing West. | 23 | |
| 14508016654 | Conquistadors | went to search for gold and convert the natives to Christianity in the interior of Mexico |  | 24 |
| 14508016655 | Cortes | sought to find the Aztec capital, and took over the Aztec land - with help of Amerindians, disease, and technology | 25 | |
| 14508016656 | Montezuma | the Aztec emperor, who welcome the Spaniards at Tenochtitlan, seeing them as god-like. This was a mistake, as this allowed everyone to conquer him. | 26 | |
| 14508016657 | Francisco Pizzaro | led a group of soldiers to the Andes to find the Inca. The Incas were weak; Pizzaro conquered and got gold. |  | 27 |
| 14508016658 | Peninsularies | a fading social class in the new world, composed of the people born in the old world | 28 | |
| 14508016659 | Mestizos | composed of European and Amerindian children, part of the castas |  | 29 |
| 14508016660 | Mulattoes | composed of European and African children, also part of the castas |  | 30 |
| 14508016661 | Creoles | composed of those born in the new world; a quickly growing class |  | 31 |
| 14508016662 | Indentured Servitude | a system which was usually ethnically the same as a free settler, but he or she was bound by an "indenture" (contract) to work for a person for four to seven years, in exchange for payment of the new world voyage | 32 | |
| 14508016663 | Devshirme | a system that required Christian's of the area to contribute young boys to be the sultans slaves |  | 33 |
| 14508016664 | Gunpowder Empires | an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal empire) |  | 34 |
| 14508016665 | Suleiman the Magnificent | ruled the Ottomans as the empire reached the height of its power. The Ottomans controlled much of the water traffic between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean sea |  | 35 |
| 14508016666 | Janissaries | Checked the military power of the sultan, being an elite military group |  | 36 |
| 14508016667 | Vizier | head of the imperial administration in the Ottoman empire who took care of the day to day work of the empire, aiding the Sultan | 37 | |
| 14508016668 | Akbar | the grandson of Babur, who brought the height of the Mughal empire. Also expanded his empire to control much of the subcontinent. | 38 | |
| 14508016669 | Taj Mahal | a building of beauty built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal's wife. |  | 39 |
| 14508016670 | Mughal Empire | an empire that that was a mixture of Mongol and Turkish peoples from Central Asia, which dominated India until the early 1700s |  | 40 |
| 14508016671 | Sikhism | started by Nanuk, who became the first Guru of Sikhism. Sikhism was a following of people who formed a community free of caste divisions |  | 41 |
| 14508016672 | Ivan IV | Ivan the Terrible (his nickname) reflected problems that tsars faced as power increased |  | 42 |
| 14508016673 | Kabuki | a form of drama that consisted of several acts and separate skits with singing, dancing, and elaborate staging. (Actors became well known starts) |  | 43 |
| 14508016674 | Ivan III | declared himself as "tsar" (means Caesar) with the claim he was establishing the "Third Rome" |  | 44 |
| 14508016675 | Boyars | The nobility of the Russia feudal based economic system. They also had military responsibilities to overlords, including the tsar |  | 45 |
| 14508016676 | Time of Trouble | The time of following Ivan's rule. Ivan executed his oldest son, touching off competition among Boyars for the throne. | 46 | |
| 14508016677 | Peter the Great | The tsar of Russia in 1682 to 1724, who was most responsible for transforming Russia into a great world power. He understood how things worked globally, and expanded water ports |  | 47 |
| 14508016678 | St. Petersburg | The "Window to the West" established by Peter the Great, which was a capital built on the shoes of the newly accessed Baltic Sea (a port for the new navy + allowed closer access to western countries) |  | 48 |
| 14508016679 | Tsar | a derivative of "Caesar", establishing a "3rd rome". This was a major propaganda for Russia | 49 | |
| 14508016680 | Daimyo | Japanese territorial lords, who held local control of areas. Some Daimyos had more influence than others, but each maintained his own governments and had his own samurai | 50 | |
| 14508016681 | Tokugawa Shogunate | a centralized government established in 1603 in present day Tokyo. Also called a tent government, which was temporary | 51 |
