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Period 4 AP World History Flashcards

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6686844555Atlantic SystemThe network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean Basin0
6686844556Middle PassageA voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.1
6686844557Aztec Empiremexican indian people who est. a great empire, centered on the valley of mexico and was overthrown by cortes along with disease in the 16th centuary2
6686844558colonieswhen a native country forms new land into settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.3
6686844559columbian exchangethe exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas after Columbus' discovery4
6686844560hernan cortes1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico5
6686844561Francisco PizzaroA Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas6
6686844562ConquistadorsEarly-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)7
6686844563Silver mining and sugar production in the americasEurope needed a heavy supply of silver because it was the only thing that the Chinese were willing to trade, sugar want increased as they added it to tea and coffee8
6686844564counter reformationthe reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)9
6686844565Inca EmpireLargest Empire ever built in South America; and conquered by the european, Francisco Pizzaro10
6686844566Holy Roman EmpireA Germanic empire began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in a.d. 800 and ended with the renunciation of the Roman imperial title by Francis II in 1806.11
6686844567MestizosA person of mixed Native American and European ancestory12
6686844568Creolesa person that is european but born in the americas.13
6686844569Peninusularsa person that was born in Europe but lives in the americas.14
6686844570Encomienda SystemA system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians15
6686844571Mughal EmpireMuslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.16
6686844572New WorldA term for the Americas during the Age of Exploration17
6686844573Protestant Reformation16th century series of religious actions which led to establishment of the Protestant churches. Led by Martin Luther18
6686844574Martin Luther" started " the reformation because of his anger towards indulgences and unjust clergy. he also translated the bible into German19
6686844575Lutheran Churchbelieved to get into heaven all you need is faith20
6686844576John Calvinwrote 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' in 1536; believed that ppl are sinful by nature and that people cannot earn salvation - God chooses a few "elect" who he will save21
6686844577Henry VIIIfounded the church of England because he wanted to divorce his wife but the pope said no. The fact that the pope was above the king angered him and forced conversion of his country22
6686844578Catholic ReformationCharles V's response to the Protestant Reformation as Emperor to the Holy Roman Empire23
6686844579Saint Ignatius LoyolaLeader of Jesuits - pushed for universities, education, human rights, part of the counter reformation24
6686844580European religious warsEuropean regions fought each other on whether to be Protestant or Catholic, princes/leaders would change minds & people would have to follow, soon the wars became political25
6686844581Thirty Years War(1618-1648) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between Frence and their rivals the Hapsburgs, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire26
6686844582Treaty Of Westphalia1648 ended the Thirty Years war. Granted religious freedom to various German towns throughout the Holy Roman Empire27
6686844583Absolute monarchyA system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power28
6686844584Louis XIV(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.29
6686844585Seven Years War(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English, proved the English to be the more dominant force.30
6686844586ManchusFederation of Northeast Asian (from Manchuria) peoples who founded the Qing Empire.31
6686844587MercantilismAn economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought32
6686844588Qing Dynasty(1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture,33
6686844589daiymofeudal warlords in japan34
6686844590tokugawa shogunate(1603-1867) Feudal Warlord rulers of Japan. Responisble for closing Japan off from the rest of the world during the edo period35
6686844591Reunification of Japanmade possible by 3 strong shogunate which est. the tokugawa, japans government36
6686844592Cartographymap making37
6686844593The Scientific RevolutionA new way of thinking about the natural world. It was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs38
6686844594Nikolas Copernicusmade the Heliocentric Theory39
6686844595Heliocentric modelthe idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun( went against the church )40
6686844596GalileoHe was the first person to use a telescope to observe objects in space further proved the heliocentric theory41
6686844597Issac NewtonBritish scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity,42
6686844598Prince Henry the Navigator(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.43
6686844599Christopher ColumbusItalian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)44
6686844600Dutch West India Company(1621-1794) Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.45
6686844601French and Indian War(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French and their allies, The English won and dominated colonials46
6686844602Forbidden CityA walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China by the Ming47
6686844603Palace of VersaillesKing Louis XIV estate where he moved his court, which quickly became the center of political, social, and cultural life48
6686844604Scientific methodA series of steps followed to solve problems including experimenting and data collecting49
6686844605Delhi Sultante1200-1526 was the Muslim rule; they were Islams so they made people pay a jizya if they did not convert50
6686844606Babur the Tiger(1483-1530) He lead the Mughal empire, and invaded and conquered India. and a descendent of Timur51
6686844607Akbar the Great(1542-1605) Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.52
6686844608Taj MahalA beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.53
6686844609Topkapi PalacePolitical headquarters of the Ottoman Empire, it was located in Istanbul.54
6686844610Suleiman the MagnificentThe most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire55
6686844611Instanbulmodern day Constaninople, changed to this after the Ottomans gained control in 145356
6686844612Safavid EmpireShi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries57
6686844613Janiassariesmembers of the Turkish military that used weapons and were paid money in comparison to calvary that were paid in land58
6686844614Millet systemDivided regions in the Ottoman Empire by religion59
6686844615edict of nantes1598 grant of tolerance in France to French Protestants60
6686844616romanovsRuling family of Russia61

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