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Period 4 AP World History Flashcards

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6525666201absolute monarchymonarch holds executive power0
6525668293boyarsRussian nobility1
6525675235cossacksrussian settlers2
6525679262Criollos (Creoles)Any person of European or African descent born in parts of Spanish or French America3
6525680932devshirmeOttoman system which describes the taking of Christian males, converting them to Muslim then testing them in a series of examinations for intelligence and such allowing them to then serve the state4
6525680933divine rightidea that rulers are appointed by God5
6525710139Dutch learningRangaku - method by which Japan kept abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners, 1641-1853, because of the Tokugawa shogunate's policy of national isolation6
6525710140encomiendaa grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.7
6525714364Enlightenment8
6525714365Estates-GeneralThe legistlative body prior to the French Revolution which represented nobility, clergy and the commoners9
6525714366Glorious RevolutionWhen William of Orange is named king but signs an agreement with parliament; beginning of constitutional monarchy10
6525720234Hagia SophiaMosque created by the Ottomans as they took over Constantinople11
6525720275Janissariesarmy in Ottoman empire made of Christians of conquered nations12
6525724016JesuitsThe Society of Jesus13
6525724017ManchusFederation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire14
6525724090Mercantilismpromoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers15
6525726203Mestizosmixed race;offspring of the Spanish and American Indian usually16
6525726204Mughal dynastyIn India, attempt to bridge divide between Hindu and Muslim17
6525728707mulato (mulatto)a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent.18
6525730516nation-statea sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent*19
6525730517parliamentary monarchyMonarch regulated by parliament, does not have absolute power20
6525730518peninsularesSpanish born Spaniard living in Spanish New World21
6525733026purdahthe practice among women in certain Muslim and Hindu societies of living in a separate room or behind a curtain, or of dressing in all-enveloping clothes, in order to stay out of the sight of men or strangers22
6525733027Qing dynasty23
6525734862ReconquistaReconquest, in regards to taking back land from Muslims and Jews24
6525737162repartamientocolonial forced labor system imposed upon the indigenous population of Spanish America and the Philippines25
6525741156sovereigntysupreme power or authority26
6525741157Taj MahalMughal dynasty build27
6525743104Tokugawa Shogunateunited Japan from shogunate era28
6525746392Treaty of Tordesillasdivided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain29
6525748612viceroyaltythe office, position, or authority of a viceroy30
6525748613capitalisman economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state31
6525748614caravelmaneuverable Portuguese ship32
6525750264Columbia Exchangeexchange of goods and disease between the old and new world33
6525752222factor34
6525754937Northwest Passagepassage connecting between Northern Atlantic and Pacific35
6525754938impressmentrefers to the act of taking men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice36
6525754939indentured servitudewho signed a contract by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and, once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter37
6525756350Middle Passagerefers to trade where Africans, densely packed onto ships, were transported across the Atlantic to the West Indie38
6525756351triangular tradetrade between Africa and colonial nations with slaves, cash crops or manufactured goods39
6525759787Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation)40
6525759788commercial revolutionperiod of European expansive, colonialism and mercantilism from 13th to 18th century41
6525761592Deismbelief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe42
6525761593empirical researchway of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience43
6525761594Enlightenment44
6525764473laissez-faire economicssystem or point of view that opposes regulation or interference by the government in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary to allow the free enterprise system to operate according to its own laws45
6525764474natural lawsA concept that early philosophers created; forces of nature that cause natural phenomena to occur, rather than the gods themselves causing the phenomena46
6525764475Ninety-Five Thesesa bunch of things Martin Luther found wrong with the Catholic Church that should have been reformed47
6525766743Northern RenaissanceHappened in the Alps, and followed Italian Renaissance; basically shows the extent of its effect*48
6525766744predestinationthe idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born49

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