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Period 4 AP World History Flashcards

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6301370977Atlantic SystemThe network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean Basin0
6301370978Middle PassageA voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.1
6301370979Aztec Empiremexican indian people who est. a great empire, centered on the valley of mexico and was overthrown by cortes along with disease in the 16th centuary2
6301370980colonieswhen a native country forms new land into settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.3
6301370981colombian exchangethe exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas after Columbus' discovery4
6301370982hernan cortes1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico5
6301370983Francisco PizzaroA Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas6
6301370984ConquistadorsEarly-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)7
6301370985Silver mining and sugar production in the americasEurope needed a heavy supply of silver because it was the only thing that the Chinese were willing to trade, sugar want increased as they added it to tea and coffee8
6301370986counter reformationthe reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)9
6301370987Inca EmpireLargest Empire ever built in South America; and conquered by the european, Francisco Pizzaro10
6301370988Holy Roman EmpireA Germanic empire began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in a.d. 800 and ended with the renunciation of the Roman imperial title by Francis II in 1806.11
6301370989MestizosA person of mixed Native American and European ancestory12
6301370990Creolesa person that is european but born in the americas.13
6301370991Peninusularsa person that was born in Europe but lives in the americas.14
6301370992Encomienda SystemA system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians15
6301370993Mughal EmpireMuslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.16
6301370994New WorldA term for the Americas during the Age of Exploration17
6301370995Protestant Reformation16th century series of religious actions which led to establishment of the Protestant churches. Led by Martin Luther18
6301370996Martin Luther" started " the reformation because of his anger towards indulgences and unjust clergy. he also translated the bible into German19
6301370997Lutheran Churchbelieved to get into heaven all you need is faith20
6301370998John Calvinwrote 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' in 1536; believed that ppl are sinful by nature and that people cannot earn salvation - God chooses a few "elect" who he will save21
6301370999Henry VIIIfounded the church of England because he wanted to divorce his wife but the pope said no. The fact that the pope was above the king angered him and forced conversion of his country22
6301371000Catholic Counter ReformationCharles V's response to the Protestant Reformation as Emperor to the Holy Roman Empire23
6301371001Saint Ignatius LoyolaLeader of Jesuits - pushed for universities, education, human rights, part of the counter reformation24
6301371002European religious warsEuropean regions fought each other on whether to be Protestant or Catholic, princes/leaders would change minds & people would have to follow, soon the wars became political25
6301371003Thirty Years War(1618-1648) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between Frence and their rivals the Hapsburgs, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire26
6301371004Treaty Of Westphalia1648 ended the Thirty Years war. Granted religious freedom to various German towns throughout the Holy Roman Empire27
6301371005Absolute monarchyA system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power28
6301371007Louis XIV(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.29
6301371009Seven Years War(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English, proved the English to be the more dominant force.30
6301371015ManchusFederation of Northeast Asian (from Manchuria) peoples who founded the Qing Empire.31
6301371016MercantilismAn economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought32
6301371019Qing Dynasty(1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture,33
6301371020feudal warlords in japandaiymo34
6301371021tokugawa shogunate(1603-1867) Feudal Warlord rulers of Japan. Responisble for closing Japan off from the rest of the world during the edo period35
6301371022Reunification of Japanmade possible by 3 strong shogunate which est. the tokugawa, japans government36
6301371023Cartographymap making37
6301371024The Scientific RevolutionA new way of thinking about the natural world. It was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs38
6301371025Nikolai Copernicusmade the Heliocentric Theory39
6301371026Heliocentric Theorythe idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun( went against the church )40
6301371027GalileoHe was the first person to use a telescope to observe objects in space further proved the heliocentric theory41
6301371028Issac NewtonBritish scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity,42
6301371035Prince Henry the Navigator(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.43
6301371036Christopher ColumbusItalian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)44
6301371037Dutch West India Company(1621-1794) Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.45
6301371039French and Indian War(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French and their allies, The English won and dominated colonials46
6301371040Forbidden CityA walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China by the Ming47
6301371045Palace of VeraillesKing Louis XIV estate where he moved his court, which quickly became the center of political, social, and cultural life48
6301371046Scientific methodA series of steps followed to solve problems including experimenting and data collecting49
6301371047Delhi Sultante1200-1526 was the Muslim rule; they were Islams so they made people pay a jizya if they did not convert50
6301371048Babur the Tiger(1483-1530) He lead the Mughal empire, and invaded and conquered India. and a descendent of Timur51
6301371049Akbar the Great(1542-1605) Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.52
6301371050Taj MahalA beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.53
6301371051Topkapi PalacePolitical headquarters of the Ottoman Empire, it was located in Istanbul.54
6301371052Suleiman the MagnificentThe most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire55
6301371053Instanbulmodern day Constaninople, changed to this after the Ottomans gained control in 145356
6301371054Safavid EmpireShi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries57
6301371055Janiassariesmembers of the Turkish military that used weapons and were paid money in comparison to calvary that were paid in land58
6301371056Millet systemDivided regions in the Ottoman Empire by religion59
6301371060edict of nantes1598 grant of tolerance in France to French Protestants60
6301371061romanovsRuling family of Russia61

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