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Period 4 AP World History: Tyner Flashcards

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6794163070Atlantic SystemThe network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean Basin0
6794163071Middle PassageA voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.1
6794163072Aztec Empiremexican indian people who est. a great empire, centered on the valley of mexico and was overthrown by cortes along with disease in the 16th centuary2
6794163074Columbian exchangethe exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas after Columbus' discovery3
6794163075Hernan cortes1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico4
6794163076Francisco PizzaroA Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas5
6794163077ConquistadorsEarly-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)6
6794163080Inca EmpireLargest Empire ever built in South America; and conquered by the european, Francisco Pizzaro7
6794163082MestizosA person of mixed Native American and European ancestory8
6794163083Creolesa person that is european but born in the americas.9
6794163084Peninusularsa person that was born in Europe but lives in the americas.10
6794163085Encomienda SystemA system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians11
6794163086Mughal EmpireMuslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.12
6794163087New WorldA term for the Americas during the Age of Exploration13
6794163088Protestant Reformation16th century series of religious actions which led to establishment of the Protestant churches. Led by Martin Luther14
6794163089Martin Luther" started " the reformation because of his anger towards indulgences and unjust clergy. he also translated the bible into German15
6794163090Lutheran Churchbelieved to get into heaven all you need is faith16
6794163091John Calvinwrote 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' in 1536; believed that ppl are sinful by nature and that people cannot earn salvation - God chooses a few "elect" who he will save17
6794163092Henry VIIIfounded the church of England because he wanted to divorce his wife but the pope said no. The fact that the pope was above the king angered him and forced conversion of his country18
6794163093Catholic Counter ReformationCharles V's response to the Protestant Reformation as Emperor to the Holy Roman Empire19
6794163095European religious warsEuropean regions fought each other on whether to be Protestant or Catholic, princes/leaders would change minds & people would have to follow, soon the wars became political20
6794163096Thirty Years War(1618-1648) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between Frence and their rivals the Hapsburgs, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire21
6794163097Treaty Of Westphalia1648 ended the Thirty Years war. Granted religious freedom to various German towns throughout the Holy Roman Empire22
6794163098Absolute monarchyA system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power23
6794163099parliamentary monarchyA government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament who checked the ruler24
6794163100Louis XIV(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.25
6794163101Frederick the Great(1740-1786) - The Prussian ruler who expanded his territory by defeating Maria Theresa of Austria.26
6794163102Seven Years War(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English, proved the English to be the more dominant force.27
6794163103The Northern Renaissancethe expansion of Italian renaissance past the alps and into all of Europe.28
6794163104BullionGold and silver in the form of bars29
6794163105Canton systemchina's way of restricting trade, certain countries could only trade certain items at certain ports30
6794163106Charted companiesgroups of private investors who paid an annual fee in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies.31
6794163109MercantilismAn economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought32
6794163111MuscovyRussian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598.33
6794163112Qing Dynasty(1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture,34
6794163116Cartographymap making35
6794163117The Scientific RevolutionA new way of thinking about the natural world. It was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs36
6794163119Heliocentric Theorythe idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun( went against the church )37
6794163120GalileoHe was the first person to use a telescope to observe objects in space further proved the heliocentric theory38
6794163121Issac NewtonBritish scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity,39
6794163122Enlightened despotAbsolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change40
6794163123EnlightenmentA movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions41
6794163124VoltaireHe believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government42
6794163125Rosseau"The Social Contract", people are born good but environment and education corrupts them43
6794163127MercantilismAn economic policy under which nations sought to increase their profit by selling more goods than they bought44
6794163128Prince Henry the Navigator(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.45
6794163129Christopher ColumbusItalian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)46
6794163130Dutch West India Company(1621-1794) Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.47
6794163132French and Indian War(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French and their allies, The English won and dominated colonials48
6794163137Oceaniaa large group of islands in the south Pacific49
6794163138Palace of VeraillesKing Louis XIV estate where he moved his court, which quickly became the center of political, social, and cultural life50
6794163139Scientific methodA series of steps followed to solve problems including experimenting and data collecting51
6794163150the boersDutch (farmers), who settled in South Africa.52
6794163153edict of nantes1598 grant of tolerance in France to French Protestants53
6794163156enclousurea farming system practiced in England where you farm what people need to buy54
6794163157Hobbesbelieves that absolute government creates order and control55
6794163158Lockeyou are born with natural rights, and people are a product of their experiences56

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