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| 9833162851 | People's (Populist) Party | (1892-96) An agrarian political party; Drew support from angry farmers in the West and South; Highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads; Allied itself with the labor movement. | 0 | |
| 9833162852 | populism | a philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to elites | 1 | |
| 9833162853 | assimilation | the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group |  | 2 |
| 9833162854 | "Gilded Age" | A sarcastic description of the late 19th century in the United States; Suggested both the extravagant wealth of the time and the terrible poverty that lay underneath; Coined by Mark Twain. | 3 | |
| 9833162855 | Social Darwinism | "survival of the fittest"; Provided a justification for the enormous wealth and power wielded by industrialists in the latter half of the 19th century. | 4 | |
| 9833162856 | trust | A set of companies managed by a small group known as trustees, who can prevent companies in the trust from competing with each other. | 5 | |
| 9833162857 | Gospel of Wealth | (1889) Andrew Carnegie and others; The idea that those who accumulated wealth to share their riches for the betterment of society. |  | 6 |
| 9833162858 | Jane Addams | Reformer who helped poor immigrants; Established Hull House. |  | 7 |
| 9833162859 | Hull House | settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889 |  | 8 |
| 9833162860 | Plessy v. Ferguson | (1896) Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." |  | 9 |
| 9833162861 | segregation | The separation into ethnic or racial groups in daily life: Restaurants, water fountains, public toilet, school, entertainment venues, transportation, residential neighborhoods. |  | 10 |
| 9833162862 | tenement | a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded |  | 11 |
| 9833162863 | land grants | land given by government to universities and railroad companies |  | 12 |
| 9833162864 | Dawes Act | (1887) land given to individual Indians to discourage tribal mindset; encouraged Indians to farm for a living instead of communally owning land |  | 13 |
| 9833162865 | open range | the idea that cattle can be grazed on large tracts of public and/or private property; invention of barbed wire ended this idea and drove many small cattle ranches out of business and off their small plots of land |  | 14 |
| 9833162866 | Bessemer process | A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850; Widespread adoption in the US allowed steel production and industrialization to outpace all global industrial competitors. |  | 15 |
| 9833162867 | vertical Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to own every step of the manufacturing process (ex. Carnegie Steel) | 16 | |
| 9833162868 | horizontal Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil) | 17 | |
| 9833162869 | prohibition | forbidding by law the manufacture, sale, or consumption of liquor |  | 18 |
| 9833162870 | Haymarket Riot | (1886) Labor dispute in Chicago that ended with a bomb being thrown at police resulting in many deaths. Led to an unfavorable public opinion of organized labor. |  | 19 |
| 9833162871 | American Federation of Labor | The first federation of labor unions in the United States. Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886 |  | 20 |
| 9833162872 | lobbyist | someone who promotes an interest or cause before a political body, often for pay |  | 21 |
| 9833162873 | urbanization | movement of people from rural communities and settlements to big cities |  | 22 |
| 9833162874 | "New Immigrants" | from southern and eastern Europe such as Russia, Poland, Italy, etc. that arrived in the US in the latter half of the 19th century |  | 23 |
| 9833162875 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) First law limiting immigration based on race; effectively stopped immigration from China. |  | 24 |
| 9833162876 | political machine | Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power; Mostly affiliated with urban immigrant groups. E.G. Tweed Ring, Tammany Hall. |  | 25 |
| 9833162877 | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | Legalized racial segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." |  | 26 |
| 9833162878 | Knights of Labor | American labor organization in the 1880s led by Terence V. Powderly. Organized a wide range of workers, including skilled and unskilled, and had broad reform goals. |  | 27 |
| 9833162879 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic and Populist candidate for President in 1896 who advocated a policy of free silver |  | 28 |
| 9833162880 | "New South" | After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. In reality, this growth was fairly slow. |  | 29 |
| 9833162881 | Homestead and Pullman Strikes | Industrial lockouts and strikes that showed battle between corporations and labor unions. Ended with government intervention on the side of big business. | 30 | |
| 9833162882 | Tammany Hall | Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption; lead by William Boss Tweed |  | 31 |
| 9833162883 | Andrew Carnegie | Titan of Industry: Steel; Author of Gospel of Wealth |  | 32 |
| 9833162884 | transcontinental railroads | Rail line that crosses the continent connecting East to West; Opened new markets and helped spur the Industrial Revolution |  | 33 |
| 9833162885 | Social Gospel | Protestant movement preaching that all true Christians should be concerned with the plight of immigrants and other poor residents of American cities and should financially support efforts to improve lives of these poor urban dwellers. Settlement houses were often financed by funds raised by ministers of this movement. | 34 | |
| 9833162886 | Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance | Grassroots movements that attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist movement. |  | 35 |
| 9833162887 | Americanization | Process of assimilating immigrants into American culture by teaching English, American history, and citizenship. |  | 36 |
| 9833162888 | John D. Rockefeller | Titan of industry: Oil |  | 37 |
| 9833162889 | Second Industrial Revolution | Spurred by machine tools, interchangeable parts, Bessemer process of mass steel production, transcontinental railroad, immigrant labor |  | 38 |
| 9833162890 | J.P. Morgan | Titan of industry: Banking |  | 39 |
| 9833162891 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | Titan of industry: Railroads |  | 40 |
| 9833162892 | middle class | a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers |  | 41 |
| 9833162893 | Standard Oil | John D. Rockefeller's company that gained a monopoly over the world petroleum market with the practice of trusts and swift elimination of competition. | | 42 |
| 9833162894 | Carnegie Steel | A steel producing company created by Andrew Carnegie to manage business at his steel mills in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area in the late 19th century. Significance: had a monopoly in the steel industry. vertical integrations. |  | 43 |
| 9833162895 | Credit Mobilier scandal | corruption in the railroads allowing men to change the government very high amounts for the work to be done | 44 | |
| 9833162896 | Rutherford B. Hayes | won the election of 1876 in exchange for withdrawing the federal troops from the remaining southern states |  | 45 |
| 9833162906 | Ulysses S. Grant |  | 46 | |
| 9833162897 | Compromise of 1877 | South to gain removal of last troops from Reconstruction; North wins Hayes as president | 47 | |
| 9833162898 | Jim Crow laws | State-level legal codes, literacy requirement for voting, voter registration laws and poll taxes meant to deter blacks from voting | 48 | |
| 9833162899 | Pendleton Act | (1883) Legislation that began the federal merit system | 49 | |
| 9833162900 | Civil Service Commission | Created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential government employees | 50 | |
| 9833162901 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 | an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States | 51 | |
| 9833162902 | yellow journalism | sensational and exaggerated news stories |  | 52 |
| 9833162903 | Ghost Dance | A religious revitalization campaign reminiscent of the pan-Indian movements led by earlier prophets. |  | 53 |
| 9833162904 | Enforcement Act | equal accommodations in public places and no racial discrimination in court | 54 |
