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Photosynthesis (Chapter 10) AP Biology Flashcards

Photosynthesis

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7806303364photosynthesis (definition)process of harnessing light energy to build carbohydrates in autotrophs (ex. plants, cyanobacteria)0
7806303365photosynthesis (equation)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6 O21
7806303366autotrophorganism that CAN capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food (producer)2
7806303367heterotrophorganism that CANNOT produce its own food and therefore obtains it by consuming other living things (consumer)3
7806303368anabolicWhat kind of a process is photosynthesis?4
7806303369catabolicWhat kind of a process is cellular respiration?5
7806303370light-dependent reactions1st step of photosynthesis during which light energy is captured and used to synthesize ATP and NADPH6
7806303371light-independent reactions2nd step of photosynthesis during which CO2 is incorporated into a sugar molecule using ATP and NADPH produced during the first step7
7806303372thylakoid membranes of chloroplastslocation of light-dependent reactions8
7806303373stroma of chloroplastslocation of light-independent reactions9
7806303374G3Pcarbon product of the light-independent reactions10
7806303375photon(1) quantum (discrete quantity) of electromagnetic radiation (light energy) with both wave and particle properties11
7806303376inverseWhat is the relationship between wavelength and energy?12
7806303377pigmentssubstances that can absorb, reflect, or transmit light13
7806303378absorption spectrumgraph of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light14
7806303379violet, blue and redWhich wavelengths of the visible light spectrum do chlorophylls ABSORB?15
7806303380green and yellowWhich wavelengths of the visible light spectrum do chlorophylls REFLECT?16
7806303381carotenoidsaccessory pigments in chloroplasts that broaden the spectrum of colors used in photosynthesis (absorb green/blue but reflect red/yellow/orange)17
7806303382mesophyll(C) ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between upper and lower epidermis that specializes in photosynthesis18
7806303383chlorophyll bpigment, green/olive, in chloroplast19
7806303384chlorophyll apigment, blue/green, in chloroplast20
7806303385excited state(7) when absorbed photon energy causes electron to move away from nucleus21
7806303386photosystems(6) photosynthetic pigments embedded with protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane22
7806303387watersplitting this molecule replaces electrons which are excited and passed to primary electron acceptor in PSII23
7806303388O2released as a byproduct of splitting water24
7806303389proton-motive forcecreated by pumping hydrogen ions from stroma to thylakoid space during electron transport chain between PS II and PS I25
7806303390ATP synthaseenzyme that synthesies ATP by utilizing a proton-motive force26
7806303391Calvin cycle, dark reactions, and carbon fixationother names for light independent reactions27
78063033923 steps of light independent reaction1. carbon fixation 2. reduction 3. regeneration of RuBP28
7806303393reductionstep in Calvin cycle that produces sugar G3P29
7806303394carbon dioxidemolecule reduced in Calvin cycle to produce sugar30
7806303395thylakoids(C) flattened membranous sacs inside chloroplasts that contain systems which convert light energy to chemical energy31
7806303396absorbedenergy is ____________ in photosynthesis32
7806303397releasedenergy is _____________ in cellular respiration33
7806303398glucose and oxygenreactants of cellular respiration34
7806303399carbon dioxide and waterreactants of photosynthesis35
7806303400glucosesource of electrons used in ETC of cellular respiration36
7806303401intermembrane spacesite of proton gradient built up in cellular respiration37
7806303402thylakoid spacesite of proton gradient built up in photosynthesis38
7806303403NAD+ and FADhigh energy electron carrier(s) before reduction in cellular respiration (after they drop off electrons at ETC)39
7806303404NADH and FADH2high energy electron carrier(s) after reduction in cellular respiration (after they pick up electrons from Kreb's cycle)40
7806303405NADP+high energy electron carrier(s ) before reduction in photosynthesis (after they drop off electrons for Calvin cycle)41
7806303406NADPHhigh energy electron carrier(s ) after reduction in photosynthesis (after they pick up electrons from ETC)42
7806303407ATPenergy product(s) from ETC in cellular respiration43
7806303408ATP and NADPHenergy product(s) from ETC in photosynthesis44
7806303409glucose, NADH and FADH2reactant(s) oxidized in cellular respiration45
7806303410H2Oreactant(s) oxidized in photosynthesis (source of electrons)46
7806303411cyclic electron flowlight dependent reactions using only photosystem I to pump protons and generate excess ATP (not NADPH)47
7806303412linear electron flowlight dependent reactions involving both photosystems; electrons from H2O are used to reduce NADP to NADPH48
7806303413rubiscoenzyme with affinity for both CO2 and O2 that catalyzes first step of Calvin cycle by adding CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)49
7806303414stomatapore-like openings on underside of leaves that allow gases (CO2 and O2) and water to diffuse in and out50
7806303415bundle-sheath cellstightly packed around the veins of a leaf (site of Calvin cycle in C4 plants)51
7806303416photorespirationoccurs on hot, dry days when stomata close, O2 accumulates and Rubisco fixes O2 rather than CO2, using up ATP, O2 and sugars52
7806303417C3 plantsdo not separately fix CO2 and use Rubisco in Calvin Cycle53
7806303418C4 plantsspatially separate carbon fixation (mesophyll cells) from Calvin Cycle (bundle-sheath cells); use PEP carboxylase instead of Rubisco to fix CO254
7806303419CAM plantstemporally separate carbon fixation (day) and Calvin Cycle (night); use PEP carboxylase instead of Rubisco to fix CO255

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