Detailed overview of photosynthesis
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| 382107273 | Autotrophs | Describes organisms which utilize carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source. | |
| 382107274 | Photosynthetic autotrophs | Describes organisms which utilize carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source and use sunlight as their primary energy source. | |
| 382107275 | Chemosynthetic autotrophs | Describes organisms which utilize carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source and use inorganic chemical reactions as an energy source. | |
| 382107276 | Heterotrophs | Describes organisms which utilize other organisms and organic material as sources of both energy and carbon. | |
| 382107277 | Photosynthetic heterotrophs | Describes organisms which utilize the sun as a source of energy and have varied sources of carbon, not just from carbon dioxide. | |
| 382107278 | Light-dependent reactions | Describes the energy transduction reactions in which light energy is stored in chemical energy. | |
| 382107279 | Light-independent reactions | Describes the carbon assimilation reactions in which molecules storing light energy such as ATP and NADPH are used to assemble sugars and other organic molecules. | |
| 382107280 | CO2 fixation | Name which describes the process of using carbon dioxide to build complex sugars. | |
| 382107281 | Calvin-Benson Cycle | The name of the primary path for CO2 fixation in plants. Also known as the light-independent reactions. | |
| 382107282 | Amyloplasts | Organelle in plants which stores starch. | |
| 382107283 | Chromoplasts | Organelle in plants which stores pigments. | |
| 382107284 | Proteinoplasts | Organelle in plants which stores proteins. | |
| 382107285 | Elaioplasts | Organelle in plants which stores lipids. | |
| 382107286 | Stroma | Location of light-independent reactions. | |
| 382107287 | Stroma | Name of the gel like matrix which is surrounded by the inner membrane of the chloroplast. | |
| 382107288 | Thylakoids | Name of flattened membrane bound sacs within the stroma of the chloroplast. | |
| 382107289 | Granum | Name of a stack of flattened membrane bound sacs within the stroma of the chloroplast. | |
| 382107290 | Stroma thylakoids | Name of network of membranes which connects stacks of flattened membranous sacs within the chloroplast. | |
| 382107291 | Photon | Described as a "particle" of light. | |
| 382107292 | Resonance energy transfer | When energy from the return of an excited electron excites an electron of a nearby pigment. | |
| 382107293 | Photochemical reduction | When photoexcited electrons are transferred to another molecule. | |
| 382107294 | Reflected wavelengths | The color seen when observing an object is made up of these wavelengths of light. | |
| 382107295 | Magnesium 2+ | The ion which is complexed with the porphyrin ring in chlorophyll. | |
| 382107296 | Carotenoids | Pigments which cause a leaf to appear red, yellow, and orange in the fall. | |
| 382107297 | Thylakoids | Location of photosystem localization in chloroplasts. | |
| 385820039 | Chlorophyll A | Name of the molecules at the center of the reaction center which catalyzes the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy. | |
| 385820040 | Antenna pigments | Name of proteins on light harvesting complexes which absorb and transfer photons to the reaction center. | |
| 385820041 | Robert Emerson | Name of the scientist that discovered the different photosystems in plants. | |
| 385820042 | Emerson Effect | Name of the synergistic effect of multiple wavelengths on oxygen production as a result of multiple photosystems. | |
| 385820043 | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | NADP stands for this. | |
| 385820044 | P680 | This is also known as photosystem II. | |
| 385820045 | P700 | This is also known as photosystem I. | |
| 385820046 | Pheophyton | Name of the molecule which the reaction center of P680 transfers it's electrons to. This molecule is a modified chlorophyll A with two protons instead of a magnesium ion. | |
| 385820047 | QA | Pheophyton transfers one electron to this molecule. | |
| 385820048 | QB | This molecule accepts two electrons, one at a time, and then dissociates from the P680 complex with the addition of two protons to form Plastoquinol. | |
| 385820049 | Plastoquinol | This molecule carries two electrons and two protons through the lipid phase of the plasma membrane to the cytochrome b6/f complex. | |
| 385820050 | Photolysis | Name of the process which describes the light catalyzed breakdown of water to form oxygen and protons. | |
| 385820051 | Oxygen evolving complex | Name of the complex which is utilized to replenish P680 with electrons, abbreviated as (OEC). | |
| 385820052 | Plastoquinol | Name of the molecule oxidized by the cytochrome b6/f complex. | |
| 385820053 | Plastocyanin | Name of the molecule reduced by the cytochrome b6/f complex. | |
| 385820054 | Cytochrome b6/f complex | This protein complex is the photosynthetic analogous complex to coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxioreductase complex found in mitochondria. | |
| 385820055 | Plastocyanin | Name of the molecule which reduces P700 with electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex. | |
| 385820056 | Plastocyanin | This molecule is similar to plastoquinol as an electron transport protein, it is different in that it contains copper. | |
| 385820057 | P700 | This accepts electrons from plastocyanin. | |
| 385820058 | A0 | The P700 complex donates its electrons to this protein. | |
| 385820059 | Ferredoxin | Final electron acceptor in photosystem I, also known as FD. | |
| 385820060 | NADP+ | Ferredoxin reduces this molecule in the chloroplast stroma. | |
| 385820061 | Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase | This protein catalyzes the addition of a proton to NADP+ from ferredoxin.(Abbreviated as FNR) | |
| 385820062 | Cyclic photophosphorylation | Name of the electron cycling process in photosynthesis which occurs when NADPH consumption is low. | |
| 385820063 | Cytochrome B6/f complex | Ferredoxin reduces this complex during cyclic photophosphorylation. | |
| 385820064 | Appressed | adjective used to describe regions of the thylakoid membrane which are pressed against one another. | |
| 385820065 | P700 | Photosystem which is localized to the non-appressed regions of the thylakoid membrane. | |
| 385820066 | P680 | Photosystem which is localized to the appressed regions of the thylakoid membrane. | |
| 385820067 | Melvin Calvin | Scientist who won a Nobel Prize for determining the carbon fixation pathway in photosynthesis. | |
| 385820068 | Stomata | CO2 enters through these structures in the leaf. | |
| 385820069 | Mesophyll | Photosynthesis occurs in these cells in the leaf. | |
| 385820070 | Rubisco | Abbreviated name of the enzyme which catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate. | |
| 387258381 | 3-phosphoglycerate | Name of the two molecules produced by the enzymatic addition of CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate by the rubisco enzyme. | |
| 387258382 | PGA | Abbreviated name of 3-phosphoglycerate. | |
| 387258383 | 6 | Total number of PGA molecules produced per turn of the Calvin cycle. | |
| 387258384 | 3 | Number of CO2 molecules which enter the Calvin cycle. | |
| 387258385 | Phosphoglycerokinase | Name of the enzyme which phosphorylates 3-phosphoglycerate. | |
| 387269025 | glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate | Name of the product of phosphorylation in the Calvin Benson cycle by phosphoglycerokinase. | |
| 387269026 | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate | Name of the molecule which results from the enzymatic activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase on glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate. | |
| 387269027 | G3P | Abbreviation for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. | |
| 387269028 | 6 | Total number of ATP molecules spent in converting 3-phosphoglycerate into glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate. | |
| 387269029 | 6 | Total number of NADPH molecules oxidized in the conversion of glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. | |
| 387269030 | 1 | How many molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate leave the Calvin-Benson cycle to be built into sugars and other organic molecules. | |
| 387269031 | PGAL | Alternate abbreviation for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate/G3P | |
| 387269032 | 3 | Total number of ATP molecules spent in reconverting molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into ribulose bisphosphate | |
| 387269033 | Cytosol | Location of sucrose biosynthesis. | |
| 387269034 | Stroma | Location of starch biosynthesis. | |
| 387269035 | Dihyroxyacetone phosphate | Name of the molecule which glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate can inter-convert with. | |
| 387269036 | Photorespiration | Name of the process by which rubisco binds oxygen as a substrate. | |
| 387269037 | Hatch-Slack cycle | Alternate name for the C4 pathway of photosynthesis. | |
| 387269038 | Bundle sheath | Location of the Calvin-Benson cylce in C4 plants. | |
| 387269039 | Crassulacean Acid Metabolism | abbreviated as CAM. | |
| 387269040 | Malic Acid | What molecule is CO2 stored as during the night in CAM plants. | |
| 387269041 | Time | This is what separates the double fixation of CO2 in CAM plants. | |
| 387269042 | Space | This is what separates the double fixation of CO2 in C4 plants. |
