Review of Objective 4 vocabulary for 8th Grade STAAR test.
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| 8306678837 | Acceleration | The rate of change in velocity. Can be a change in direction, positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down). |  | 0 |
| 8306678838 | Balanced Force | Two forces in opposite directions. Net force is zero and the motion of the object does not change. |  | 1 |
| 8306678839 | Friction | The force between objects that resists motion - always slows down motion |  | 2 |
| 8306678840 | Newton | A measurement of force | 3 | |
| 8306678841 | Magnitude | The strength or size of an object or force. | 4 | |
| 8306678842 | Mass | The total amount of matter in something. |  | 5 |
| 8306678843 | Energy | The capacity for doing work. | 6 | |
| 8306678844 | Force | A push or pull on an object that can cause a change in movement | 7 | |
| 8306678845 | Net Force | The total of all the forces acting on an object |  | 8 |
| 8306678846 | Gravity | A force that pulls objects together |  | 9 |
| 8306678847 | F = m x a | Formula for Force |  | 10 |
| 8306678848 | Displacement vs Time Graph | Shows the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time. slope is velocity |  | 11 |
| 8306678849 | Inertia | the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force |  | 12 |
| 8306678850 | Kinetic Energy | The energy an object possess due to its motion. |  | 13 |
| 8306678851 | Motion | A change in the position of an object over time. |  | 14 |
| 8306678852 | Newton's First Law of Motion (Definition) | an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside unbalanced force; an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside unbalanced force. | 15 | |
| 8306678853 | Newton's First Law of Motion (Example) | when a car suddenly stops and your head continues to move foward even though your body is stopped by the seat belt |  | 16 |
| 8306678854 | Newton's Second Law of Motion (Definition) | the greater the force applied to an object, the greater the acceleration; the smaller the mass of an object, the greater its acceleration when force is applied; only an unbalanced force can cause objects to accelerate | 17 | |
| 8306678855 | Newton's Second Law of Motion (Example) | the force applied to a roller coaster car in addition to the mass of the car determines the acceleration of the car; more force = more acceleration | 18 | |
| 8306678856 | Newton's Third Law of Motion (Definition) | for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; there is a reaction force that is equal in size but opposite in direction. | 19 | |
| 8306678857 | Newton's Third Law of Motion (Example) | as the thrust of a rocket pushes down on Earth's surface, the rocket launches upward into the atmosphere |  | 20 |
| 8306678858 | Potential Energy | Energy stored in an object by the virtue of its position. |  | 21 |
| 8306678859 | Example of work | A monkey carries a 5 kg pineapple 10 meters in 5 minutes. |  | 22 |
| 8306678860 | Example of no work being performed | A monkey holds a 5 kg pineapple over his head for 5 minutes. | | 23 |
| 8306678861 | Example of velocity | Nemo swims 37 m/s South to Wallaby Way in Australia. |  | 24 |
| 8306678862 | Speed | the distance traveled by an object in a given amount of time. |  | 25 |
| 8306678863 | Example of speed | Nemo swims 58 m/s |  | 26 |
| 8306678864 | Unbalanced Force | A force that is not equal in size and opposite in direction. |  | 27 |
| 8306678865 | Velocity | speed of an object and its direction of motion; changes when speed, direction or both changes | 28 | |
| 8306678866 | Work | force exerted on an object that causes the object to move in same direction that the force was applied | 29 | |
| 8306678867 | Waves | Transfer energy in the direction they are traveling | 30 | |
| 8306678868 | Amplitude | The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from this undisturbed position |  | 31 |
| 8306678869 | Wavelength | The distance between the same point on two adjacent waves (between the trough of one wave and the trough of the wave next to it, applies the same way with the crest,) |  | 32 |
| 8306678870 | Frequency | Is the number of complete waves passing a certain point per second. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), where 1 wave is 1 Hertz |  | 33 |
| 8306678871 | Period | From the frequency, you can find a period of a wave using the formula 1÷frequency | 34 | |
| 8306678872 | Transverse waves | Waves were in which the oscillation (vibrations) are perpendicular (90 degrees) to the direction of energy transfer. Some of these waves include: All electromagnetic wave (light) Ripples and waves in water A wave on a string |  | 35 |
| 8306678873 | Longitudinal waves | Waves were the oscillation (vibrations) are parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Some of these waves include: Sound wave in air, ultrasound Shock waves, some seismic waves |  | 36 |
| 8306678874 | Wave speed formula | Wave speed (v)=Frequency(Hz)x Wave length (ƛ) | 37 | |
| 8306678875 | Transmitted waves | Where the waves carry on traveling through the material. this often leads to refraction | 38 | |
| 8306678876 | Ray diagrams for reflection | When you make a ray diagram for reflection you need to remember that: Angle of incidence=Angle of reflection |  | 39 |
| 8306678878 | Electromagnetic waves | Are transverse waves that transfer energy from a source to an absorber. They travel through air or vacuum at the same speed. there are a variety that increase in frequency overtime. |  | 40 |
| 8306678879 | Refracted waves | When a wave changes direction between materials | 41 | |
| 8306678882 | Sound waves | These are caused by vibrating objects. These are passed through the surrounding area as a series of compressions an rarefactions. These travel faster in more solid states of matter as it is more easier to vibrate the particles to make sound if there close together, rather than far apart. This is why in a vacuum, where there are no particle's there is no sound |  | 42 |
| 8306678883 | Magnets | Magnets are materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt that can experience a non-contact force similar to forces on an electric field. They have a North Pole and South Pole. | 43 | |
| 8306678884 | Magnetic feild | The magnetic field goes from north to south you can show this by drawing arrows on your lines going south. The closer together the lines are, the stronger the magnetic field. | 44 | |
| 8306678885 | Wire and there magnetic field | When a wire gains electricity it grow a magnetic field perpendicular to the wire | 45 | |
| 8306678886 | Electromagnets | Electromagnets are magnets that turn or off when an electric current is passed through it. They are used to lift things up or down and can be used with other circuit as a switch | 46 | |
| 8306678887 | Electric Current (Amps) | The flow of an electric charge. The unit of this is ampere (A) | 47 | |
| 8306678888 | Potential difference (Voltage | Is the driving force that pushes the charge around. Measured in volts (V) | 48 | |
| 8306678889 | Resistance | Anything that slows down the flow of the current. Measured in ohms (Picture) | 49 | |
| 8306678891 | Potential difference (Voltage) | =Current X Resistance | 50 | |
| 8306678892 | Static Electricity | When certain insulating materials rub together, negatively charged electrons a rubbed onto each other leaving materials electrically charged | 51 | |
| 8306678893 | Contact forces | Contact forces work when two or more objects are touching. Some examples of this are: friction, air resistance, tension in ropes and normal contact force. When these two or more objects interact there is a force on both of them and is equal or opposite of the other object. | 52 | |
| 8306678894 | Non-contact forces | Non-contact forces happen when two or more objects exert a force on each other but are not touching. Some examples of these are: magnetic force, gravitational force, electrostatic force. When these two or more objects interact with each other there is a force produced on all of them that is equal or opposite. | 53 | |
| 8306678905 | Different types of energy | Some different types of energy are: Thermal energy Kinetic energy Gravitational potential energy Elastic potential energy Chemical energy Magnetic energy Electrostatic energy Nuclear energy | 54 | |
| 8306678908 | Conservation of energy principle | The conservation of energy principle is that 'energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, nut can never be destroyed or created' | 55 | |
| 8306678909 | Work | =Fxdistance*cosine of the angle. | 56 | |
| 8306678910 | power | Work/time determines the amount of effort | 57 | |
| 8306678911 | kinetic energy | 1/2 mvv the energy of motion | 58 | |
| 8306678912 | Potential energy | mgh potential to exert energy | 59 | |
| 8306678913 | conservation of energy | energy can not be lost or destroyed E=ke+pe | 60 | |
| 8306678914 | newton's law of gravitation | The force of gravity between two very dense objects can be described inversely by the distance between them. | 61 | |
| 8306678915 | elastic collision | type of collision where momentum is 100% conserved | 62 | |
| 8306678916 | inelastic collision | type of collision where momentum is not conserved | 63 | |
| 8306678917 | Impulse | Equals Forcextime also equals change in momentum | 64 | |
| 8306678918 | Change in momentum | Equals massxchange in velocity. also equals impulse | 65 | |
| 8306678919 | vector | An quantity that has a magnitude and direction | 66 | |
| 8306678920 | parallel circuit | has multiple paths for electron to travel Splits current has same change in voltage on each spur Resistance is the reciprocal of their additions | 67 | |
| 8306678921 | series circuit | Has one path for electron same current throughout voltage sums up to total in battery Resistance adds. | 68 | |
| 8306678922 | acceleration | Change in velocity over change in time | 69 | |
| 8306678923 | velocity | change in displacement over change in time vector | 70 | |
| 8306678924 | displacement | the total distance traveled by an object regardless of direction | 71 | |
| 8306678925 | distance | the amount traveled from a certain spot. | 72 | |
| 8306678926 | newton's first law | law of inertia | 73 | |
| 8306678927 | newton's second law | F=ma | 74 | |
| 8306678928 | Newton's 3rd law | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction | 75 | |
| 8306678929 | Fundamental units for Impulse and momentum | Kg m/s | 76 | |
| 8306678930 | This force goes in the opposite direction of motion | Friction | 77 | |
| 8306678931 | Frictional force | =coeffiecent of friction xmxg | 78 | |
| 8306678932 | A boat moving at 4m/s north, with a wind coming from the east at 3 m/s gives you a net vector of what? | 5m/s NE | 79 | |
| 8306678933 | snell's law | The law describing how light is bent in a medium nsin(x)=nsin(x) | 80 | |
| 8306678934 | Constructive interference | Interference that causes a louder noise. | 81 | |
| 8306678935 | Doppler effect | Effect that explains how frequency of produced noises change depending on their speed and the orginal frequency. | 82 | |
| 8306678936 | conservation of energy | Energy is neither created nor destroyed | 83 | |
| 8306678937 | Gravitational pull between object | the relationship where the force between to objects is inversely 1/r related to the distance between them. | 84 |
