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| target organ: kidney | ||
| function: to retain water b/c dehydration | ||
| stimulated by: hypothalamus - neural control | ||
| inhibitied by caffenine, alcohol | ||
| T; ovaries and testes | ||
| F: ovulation in ovaries - production of progesterone; testosterone production in testes | ||
| +: hypothalamus release(GnRH) | ||
| -: negative feedback progesterone and testosterone levels | ||
| T; uterus; breast tissue | ||
| F: uterus - to contract; breast tissue - milk secretion | ||
| +: stretch receptors in vaginal canal(neural) | ||
| -: stop of vaginal stretching | ||
| +: breast tissue - baby nursing | ||
| -: breast tissue - baby stops nursing | ||
| T: all cells; epiphyseal plates; skeletal muscles | ||
| F: to grow | ||
| +: hypothalamus release of GRH | ||
| -: hypothalamus release of GIH(growth inhibition) | ||
| T: adrenal cortex(outside) | ||
| +: adrenal cortex | ||
| +: hypothalamus release of CRH(corticotropic) | ||
| -: negative feedback(cortisol level) | ||
| F: to release corticosteriod hormone to help body resist stress | ||
| T: thyroid | ||
| F: to make thyroid release thyroxin | ||
| +: hypothalamus release TRH, when thyroid hormones decrease in blood | ||
| -: negative feedback loop(high levels of thyroid hormones) | ||
| neural, humoral, hormonal | ||
| T: gonads | ||
| F: gamete formation and gelp release estrogen and testosterone | ||
| +: beginning of puberty: hypothalamus releases GnRH(gonadotropic releasing hormone) | ||
| -: negative feedback(estrogen and testosterone levels) | ||
| T: mammary glands | ||
| F: to produce milk in females, males enhances effects of ICSH/LH | ||
| +: hypothalamus release of PRF; also breast feeding | ||
| -: hypothalamus release of MRF(photosensitive receptors in skin and eyes); increase of dopamine | ||
| t: all body cells | ||
| f: to accelerate rate of cellular metabolism | ||
| +:low levels triggers hypothalamust to release TRH-causes TSH release | ||
| -:high levels of T3 and T4 | ||
| t:melanocytes | ||
| f; to protect skin from UV rays | ||
| +: hypothalamus release of MRF(photosensitive receptors in the skin and eyes) | ||
| -: increase levels of dopamine | ||
| adrenaline | ||
| hormone and neurotransmitter | ||
| f:increase duration of effects of sympathetic nervous system, effects of hormones last longer than neurotransmitters | ||
| T:heart,liver, skeletal muscle, blood vessals, respiratory | ||
| F; increase blood sugar, blood pressure, heart rate | ||
| +: signals from brain via sympathetic nervous system; inhibited by signal cessation | ||
| found in diencephalon of brain | ||
| produces melatonin | ||
| raises and falls during waking and sleeping hours, triggers sleep by peaking at night and causing drowsiness | ||
| located in upper thorax | ||
| f: immune system | ||
| produces thymosin | ||
| helps with maturation of white blood cells | ||
| t: adipose tissue and liver;(action is gluconeogenisis) | ||
| +: stress | ||
| -: inhibited by negative feedback | ||
| t: kidneys(not antidiuretic) | ||
| f: reabsorb sodium; increase blood pressure | ||
| +: rennin-angiostensis; low sodium and high potassium and ACTH | ||
| -: high sodium and low potassium | ||
| t: osteoblasts; intestines, kidneys, skin | ||
| f: increase blood calcium levels | ||
| intestines: absorb calcium | ||
| kidneys: keep calcium | ||
| skin: produce vitamin D | ||
| osteoclasts: break down | ||
| f: maintaing blood sugar levels at/or near set-point 70-105 mg/dl | ||
| releases insulin helps glucose get to body cells; use glucose for cellular respiration | ||
| t: liver(convert glycogen) and adipose tissue(convert to glucose) | ||
| +: low blood sugar | ||
| -: high blood sugar | ||
| t: all body cells | ||
| f: high levels are in fetus and in early puberty; increases cell metabolism, RBC productioon in infants | ||
| +: ACTH | ||
| -: high level of sex hormone | ||
| t; most body cells | ||
| primary and secondary male sex characteristics | ||
| +: LH | ||
| t: most body cells | ||
| +: FSH and LH | ||
| f: 2dary sex characteristics, support egg maturation, promote protein synthesis in skeletal muslce | ||
| I: ovaries | ||
| t: ovaries | ||
| promotes growth of primary and 2dary sex characterisitcs | ||
| t: brain | ||
| i; pancreas | ||
| t:liver | ||
| f: to produce glycogen to glucose/ increase blood glucose | ||
| i: adrenal cortex | ||
| t: fat/liver | ||
| f; increase blood glucose | ||
| Aldosterone, Androgens, Cortisol | ||
| Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
