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| Containing no plant tissue through which water and food move. Absorb directly through cell membrane. | ||
| Hepatophyta (liverworts), Byrophyta (mosses), and Anthocerophyta (hornworts). | ||
| differs from other land plants in that the gametophyte is the dominant. The gametophyte plant remains close to the ground so the motile sperm can swim from the antheridium to the archegonium to fertilize the egg. | ||
| true vascular tissue. Because bryophytes lack true vascular tissue, they also lack true roots, stems, and leaves. | ||
| rhizoids, that help anchor the plant and have some water and mineral absorptive capabilities. | ||
| The plant body. | ||
| The Liverworts. | ||
| Can reproduce sexually and asexually. Reproduction by fragmentation occurs when the older, central portion of the thallus dies, leaving the growing tips isolated. Gemmae cups can be found on the dorsal (upper) side of some thalli. Inside the gemmae cup are multicellular disks of tissue called gemmae that can be splashed out of the cup by rain. If a gemmae lands in a suitable habitat, it can produce a new gametophyte plant. |  | |
| little umbrella shaped structures found on liverworts that are for reproduction |  | |
| are male sex organs, and produce sperm on the liverwort. They resemble small umbrellas. | ||
| are female sex organs and resemble tiny banana trees. | ||
| ferns and their relatives share 2 characteristics- They have vascular tissue and use spores to reproduce. |  | |
| Lycophytes and pteridophytes - ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails, and club mosses. | ||
| the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants | ||
| vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. | ||
| is the dominant phase in these plants. | ||
| sporophyte, produce well developed vascular tissue, and have stomata. | ||
| fiddlehead, frond (leaf), leaflet, rhizome (stem), roots, rachis, and sori (clusters of sporangia on the underside of the leaf. | ||
| groups of sporangia on the underside of fern fronds (leaves). |  | |
| in the sporangium and haploid spores are formed. | ||
| archegonia (which in turn produce eggs) and antheridia (which in turn produce sperm. | ||
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| the haploid sporres are released, germinate, and grow into a heart shaped gametophyte plant called a prothallus with archegonia and antheridia. | ||
| heart shaped gametophyte. | ||
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| frond. | ||
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| psilotum and equistem. They lack true roots and leaves. | ||
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| Gymnosperms. | ||
| or found on the scales of cones. | ||
| pollen grain and development of a seed meant that gymnosperms were not dependent on water for sexual reproduction and development. | ||
| wind borne pollination. | ||
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| angiosperms/flowering plants | ||
| male part |  | |
| female part |  | |
| prevents plant from drying out. | ||
| prevents the embryo from drying out in the terrestrial environment. | ||
| specialized pores to exchange gas. | ||
| in which plants alternate between a haploid gametophyte generation and a diploid sporophyte generation. | ||
| is the dominant generation. | ||
| through meiosis. | ||
| sporangium. | ||
| by mitosis | ||
| archegonia. | ||
| antheridia. | ||
| a diploid zygote. | ||
| multicellular sporophyte and the cycle continues. | ||
| haploid. | ||
| Meiosis/Mitosis. | ||
| is dominant. So the motile sperm can swim from the antheridium to the archegonium and fertilize the egg. | ||
| sporophyte. | ||
| gymnosperms, and angiosperms. | ||
| use pollen grains. Pollen grains use wind for pollination. Embryonic sporophyte develops within the gameophyte tissues and the resulting seed contains nutritional material and can be dispersed away from the parent plant. PRIMARILY POLLINATED BY WIND. |  | |
| flowering plants. 90% of the Earth's vegetated surface. Efficient transfer and receipt of pollen. PRIMARILY POLLINATED BY INSECTS, BIRDS, BATS, AND WIND AND WATER. | ||
| flower ovary, and mature into the fruit. | ||
| trees and shrubs. | ||
| meaning they produce two kinds of spores: the male microspores (develop into pollen) and female megaspores. | ||
| is petals and sepals combined. | ||
| can self fertilize, but cross-fertilization is important for genetic diveristy. | ||
| stigma and style. | ||
| double fertilization. | ||
| Contains Stamen and carpel |  | |
| has just stamen. | ||
| the male reproductive organ of a flower |  | |
| The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. |  | |
| turgor pressure. | ||
| The substance that holds the cell walls of two adjacent cells together is called the | ||
| consist of minute strands of cytoplasm that extend through the cell walls of adjoining cells. | ||
| having male and female reproductive organs in the same plant or animal | ||
| Referring to a plant species that has staminate and carpellate flowers on separate plants. | ||
| angiosperm partially develops into one. Very linear leaves. Parallel veins. 4 or 5 random. |  | |
| angiosperm fully develops. Have a stalk. Circle. |  |
