CHAPTERS ON TEST
Chapter 29
29.1
29.2
29.3
Chapter 30
30.1
30.2
30.3
Chapter 35
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
Chapter 36
36.3
36.4
36.5
Chapter 37
37.3
Chapter 38
38.1
Chapter 39
39.2
39.3
39.4
Terms : Hide Images
| 347060146 | Charophyta | 29: Closest algal relatives of land plants | |
| 347060147 | Bryophyte | 29: Mosses (nonvascular, homosporous, gametophyte dominant, no seeds) | |
| 347060148 | Pterophyte | 29: Ferns (vascular, homosporous, sporophyte dominant, no seeds) | |
| 347060149 | Gymnosperm | 29: Conifers (vascular, heterosporous, sporophyte dominant, seeds) | |
| 347060150 | Angiosperm | 29: Flowering plants (vascular, heterosporous, sporophyte dominant, seeds) | |
| 347060151 | Phragmoplast | 29: a group of microtubules that develops into the cell plate in dividing cells | |
| 347060152 | Apical meristem | 29: localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots (primary growth) | |
| 347060153 | Cuticle | 29: waxy covering that prevents dehydration (land plant adaptation) | |
| 347060154 | Sporopollenin | 29: durable polymer that prevents zygotes from drying out (land plant adaptation) | |
| 347060155 | Rhizoid | 29: long, tubular single cells or filaments of cells (exp. anchor bryophyte gametophytes) | |
| 347060156 | Sporophyte | 29: multicellular, diploid plant | |
| 347060157 | Sporangium | 29: spore-producing organs on the sporophyte | |
| 347060158 | Spore | 29: haploid reproductive cell that develops into a gametophyte | |
| 347060159 | Gametophyte | 29: gamete-producing organs on the gametophyte | |
| 347060160 | Archegonia | 29: female gametanga | |
| 347060161 | Antheridia | 29: male gametangia | |
| 347060162 | Phloem | 29: vascular tissue that transports sugars, amino acids, and other organic products | |
| 347060163 | Xylem | 29: vascular tissue that transports water and minerals | |
| 347060164 | Vascular plant | 29: plants with a complex vascular tissue system | |
| 347060165 | Heterosporus | 29: two types of sporangia that produce two kinds of spores - megaspores and microspores | |
| 347060166 | Homosporus | 29: one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore, which develops into a bisexual gametophyte | |
| 347060167 | Megaspore | 29: develop into female gametophytes | |
| 347060168 | Microspore | 29: develop into male gametophytes | |
| 347060169 | Anther | 29: part of the stamen that contains pollen in flowering plants | |
| 347060170 | Pollen | 29: microspores of seed plants | |
| 347060171 | Carpel/pistil | 29: female gametophytes in angiosperms | |
| 347060172 | Double fertilization | 29: one pollen contains two sperm - one fertilizes the egg, while the other joins with a cell to form the endosperm | |
| 347060173 | Endosperm | 29: 3n section of the seed, provides nutrients for the embryo | |
| 347060174 | Ovule | 30: contains the integument (2n), megaspore (n), and megasporangium (2n) | |
| 347060175 | Ovary | 30: contains one or more ovules. If fertilized, this structure develops into a seed/fruit | |
| 347060176 | Integument | 30: envelops and protects the megasporangia | |
| 347060177 | Seed | 30: embryo packaged with nutrient supply and protective coat | |
| 347060178 | Fruit | 30: mature angiosperm ovary | |
| 347060179 | Monocot | 30: species with one cotyledon | |
| 347060180 | Dicot | 30: species with two cotyledons | |
| 347060181 | Cotyledon | 30: the first leaf (or leaves) to appear from a germinating seed | |
| 347060182 | Organ | 35: a collection of tissues that carry out one or more specialized functions | |
| 347060183 | Tissue | 35: a group of cells (one or more types) preforming a specialized function | |
| 347060184 | Root | 35: organ that anchors a vascular plant in the soil, absorbs minerals and water, and stores carbohydrates | |
| 347060185 | Taproot | 35: one main vertical root that develops from embryonic root | |
| 347060186 | Fibrous roots | 35: monocot roots that are highly branched, as opposed to the taproo | |
| 347060187 | Root hair | 35: thin tube-like extension of a root epidermal cell - increase surface area for absorption | |
| 347060188 | Apical dominance | 35: the inhibition of axillary buds by the apical bud | |
| 347060189 | Apical bud | 35: terminal bud at the shoot tip, composed of developing leaves, nodes, and internodes | |
| 347060190 | Axillary bud | 35: may form a lateral shoot (branch) | |
| 347060191 | Rhizome | 35: root-like stems that send out lateral shoots | |
| 347060192 | Dermal tissue | 35: plant's outer protective covering (epidermis, cuticle, periderm, etc.) | |
| 347060193 | Vascular tissue | 35: long-distance transport of materials between root and shoot systems (xylem, phloem) | |
| 347060194 | Ground tissue | 35: tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular | |
| 347060195 | Pith | 35: closer to the CENTER in relation to the vascular tissue | |
| 347060196 | Cortex | 35: closer to the EDGES in relation to the vascular tissue | |
| 347060199 | Tracheids | 35: long, thin cells with tapered ends - water moves from cell to cell through the pits (xylem) | |
| 347060200 | Vessel elements | 35: wide, short, form micropipes for water (xylem) | |
| 347060202 | Sieve tube elements | 35: living cells with no nucleus, organelles, allowing for easier passing of nutrients (phloem) | |
| 347060203 | Companion cells | 35: connected to sieve tub elements by plasmodesmata for sharing organelles, load sugars into sieve-tubes (phloem) | |
| 347060204 | Parenchyma cells | 35: cells with primary walls that are thin and flexible | |
| 347060205 | Collenchyma cells | 35: cells with unevenly thick primary walls - supports plant | |
| 347060206 | Sclerenchyma cells | 35: supporting elements - rigid, thick secondary walls made of lignin | |
| 347060207 | Indeterminate growth | 35: growth that occurs throughout life | |
| 347060208 | Determinite growth | 35: growth that stops after a certain size is reached | |
| 347060209 | Primary growth | 35: growth vertically (roots, apical meristems) | |
| 347060210 | Secondary growth | 35: growth in girth (vertical and cork cambria) | |
| 347060211 | Apical meristem | 35: tips of shoots and roots, apical buds, axillary buds, primary growth | |
| 347060212 | Lateral meristem | 35: cause secondary growth (vertical and cork cambria) | |
| 347060213 | Vascular cambium | 35: add layers of secondary xylem (inside edge) and secondary phloem (outside edge) | |
| 347060214 | Cork cambium | 35: replaces epidermis with tougher periderm | |
| 347060215 | Zone of cell division | 35: (root growth) includes apical meristem, root cap | |
| 347060216 | Zone of elongation | 35: (root growth) most growth occurs here | |
| 347060217 | Zone of differentiation | 35: (root growth) maturation of cells, become distinct types | |
| 347060218 | Stomata | 35: pores that allow gas exchange in the leaves | |
| 347060219 | Guard cells | 35: regulate opening and closing of stomata | |
| 347060220 | Mesophyll | 35: ground tissue of leaf between upper and lower epidermal layers (parenchyma specialized in photosynthesis) | |
| 347060221 | Bundle sheath | 35: tightly packed cells surrounding vascular bundle - regulate flow and protect bundle | |
| 347060222 | Apoplast | 36: everything external to the plasma membranes of living cells, including cell walls, extracellular spaces, and interior of dead cells such as vessel elements and tracheids | |
| 347060223 | Symplast | 36: entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, as well as plasmodesmata | |
| 347060224 | Xylem sap | 36: water and minerals transported in xylem | |
| 347060225 | Endodermis | 36: innermost layer of cortex that surrounds vascular tissue in the roots | |
| 347060226 | Casparian strip | 36: a barrier made of suberin in the radial and transverse walls of endodermis that blocks passage of water and minerals into vascular cylinder | |
| 347060227 | Bulk flow | 36: the movement of water due to a pressure difference | |
| 347060228 | Cohesion-tension hypothesis | 36: transpiration provides the pull for the ascent of xylem sap, and cohesion of water transmits this pull along the entire length of xylem from shoots to roots | |
| 347060229 | Cohesion | 36: attraction between particles of the same substance | |
| 347060230 | Adhesion | 36: attraction between particles of different substances | |
| 347060231 | Transpiration | 36: loss of water vapor from leaves or other aerial parts of plant | |
| 347060232 | Negative pressure | 36: pressure below atmospheric pressure - a partial vacuum | |
| 347060233 | Translocation | 36: the transport of the products of photosynthesis | |
| 347060234 | Phloem sap | 36: sugars and other organic products that are transported via phloem | |
| 347060235 | Sugar source | 36: a plant organ that is a net producer of sugar by photosynthesis or breakdown of starch | |
| 347060236 | Sugar sink | 36: a plant organ that is a net consumer or depository of sugar | |
| 347060237 | Positive pressure | 36: pressure above atmospheric pressure | |
| 347060238 | Mutualism | 37: mutually beneficial form of symbiosis | |
| 347060239 | Rhizobacteria | 37: soil bacteria with large populations in the rhizosphere, or soil around roots | |
| 347060240 | Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | 37: bacteria that can preform nitrogen fixation | |
| 347060241 | Nitrogen fixation | 37: reduction of atmospheric N2 to N3 (plants can't use N2 because it is inert) | |
| 347060242 | Crop rotation | 37: every year, a different crop is planted in a field to restore nitrogen concentration in soil | |
| 347060243 | Mycorrhizae | 37: mutualistic associations of roots and fungi | |
| 347060245 | Endosperm | 38: food-storing tissue of the seed | |
| 347060246 | Tropism | 39: growth response that results in plant organs curving toward or away from stimuli | |
| 347060247 | Phototropism | 39: growth of a shoot toward or away from light | |
| 347060248 | Gravitropism | 39: growth in response to the direction of gravity | |
| 347060249 | Thigmotropism | 39: turning or bending of plant in response to touch |
