Dates, Terms, and Important People in US History
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| 8949086574 | royal colonies | charter granted and controlled by king | 0 | |
| 8949086575 | Jamestown | 1st successful colony founded in 1607 in virginia | 1 | |
| 8949086576 | joint-stock company | a business owned by investors through control of stocks. supported colonies | 2 | |
| 8949086577 | indentured servants | obliged to work for a set period of years to pay off their passage to the new world | 3 | |
| 8949086578 | headright system | granting 50 acres of land to anyone who brought over a certain number of colonists | 4 | |
| 8949086579 | house of burgesses | an assembly of elected representatives developed in virginia-becomes model for congress | 5 | |
| 8949086580 | william bradford | govenor who was important in the organization and success of the colony-wrote its history | 6 | |
| 8949086581 | puritans | came seeking to purify their religion | 7 | |
| 8949086582 | dissenters | those who objected to the established church doctrines | 8 | |
| 8949086583 | anne hutchinson | was banished and moved to rhode island | 9 | |
| 8949086584 | roger williams | founded the colony of rhode island and practiced religious tolerance | 10 | |
| 8949086585 | new england | started as highly religious then becomes commercial society/ highest populated,poor soil/ turn to merchant and fishing | 11 | |
| 8949086586 | southern colonies | carolinas and georgia/ agriculture-rice, indigo/use of slaves | 12 | |
| 8949086587 | maryland | founded by lord baltimore as refuge for english catholics | 13 | |
| 8949086588 | middle colonies | penn, NY, NJ/ harbors, iron grain, wood | 14 | |
| 8949086589 | pennsylvania | founded by william penn. as refuge for quakers | 15 | |
| 8949086590 | salutary neglect | britians absence in colonial america due to pressing issues in england/ left colonies to govern themselves | 16 | |
| 8949086591 | mercantilism | colonies exsist for benifit of the mother country | 17 | |
| 8949086592 | triangular trade | west indies (sugar cane/ slaves) to N.E(rum) to Africa (slaves) | 18 | |
| 8949086593 | Navigation acts | colonial merchants could only export good to england | 19 | |
| 8949086594 | admiralty courts | created to stop smuggling | 20 | |
| 8949086595 | french and indian war | (1754-1763) between france and G.B | 21 | |
| 8949086596 | Albany plan of union | 1753 ben franklin calls for a colonial confederation | 22 | |
| 8949086597 | treaty of paris | ends the french and indian war/ england gets all of french teritory in N.A. | 23 | |
| 8949086598 | Proclamation of 1763 | no settlement would be allowed west of the App. mts. | 24 | |
| 8949086599 | zenger trial | he was arressted for criticizing royal govenor/ found not guilty cus it was true | 25 | |
| 8949086600 | stamp act | tax on documents, stamps, ect | 26 | |
| 8949086601 | writs of assistance | search warrant which allowed british to search homes for smuggled goods | 27 | |
| 8949086602 | townshend acts | taxes on tea, paint | 28 | |
| 8949086603 | boston massacre | british troops fired crowd in order to discourage opposition to townshend acts | 29 | |
| 8949086604 | boston tea party | colonists dump tea into boston habor | 30 | |
| 8949086605 | intolerable acts | passed in response to boston tea party | 31 | |
| 8949086606 | first continental congress | 1774 met and issued a list of grievances to king george III | 32 | |
| 8949086607 | second continental congress | 1775 met in philly, later becomes revolutionary government | 33 | |
| 8949086608 | lexington and concord | first fighting of the revolution | 34 | |
| 8949086609 | thomas paine | wrote the book commone sense | 35 | |
| 8949086610 | treaty of paris 1783 | ended the american rev. | 36 | |
| 8949086611 | articles of confederation | 1st government of u.s / had no power to tax | 37 | |
| 8949086612 | shays rebellion | rebellion in mass. protesting taxes on farmers/ not handled well by government | 38 | |
| 8949086613 | new jersey plan | called for equal representation in congress | 39 | |
| 8949086614 | virginia plan | representation based on population | 40 | |
| 8949086615 | three fifth's compromise | every five slaves would be counted as 3 when it comes to determining rep. in house of reps. | 41 | |
| 8949086616 | federalists | supporters of the constitution | 42 | |
| 8949086617 | antifederalists | opposed constitution | 43 | |
| 8949086618 | whiskey rebellion | farmers protest of a federal tax placed on whiskey | 44 | |
| 8949086619 | XYZ affair | negotiators sent to france to discuss problems | 45 | |
| 8949086620 | alien and sedition acts | allowed to deport allowed to deport people who were thought to be a threat to national security | 46 | |
| 8949086621 | virginia and kentucky resolutions | written by jefferson and madison criticizing the alien and sedition acts | 47 | |
| 8949086622 | marbury v. madison | s. court can declare on constitutionality of laws | 48 | |
| 8949086623 | mccullough v. maryland | federal gov't had the implied power to create a national bank | 49 | |
| 8949086624 | gibbions v. ogden | established the federal govt control over interstate commerce | 50 | |
| 8949086625 | embargo act of 1807 | prohibited u.s. ships from trading with European nations | 51 | |
| 8949086626 | cause of war of 1812 | impressment of u.s sailors | 52 | |
| 8949086627 | war hawks in congress | young congressmen who pushed madison to go to war | 53 | |
| 8949086628 | treaty of ghent | ending the fighting in war of 1812 | 54 | |
| 8949086629 | robert fulton | created steamships | 55 | |
| 8949086630 | cyrus mccormick | invents a harvester/ reaper | 56 | |
| 8949086631 | monroe doctrine | warned european to stay out of western hemisphere/ u.s would not interfere in european affairs | 57 | |
| 8949086632 | clays "american system" | henry clay proposes a protective tariff, internal improvements | 58 | |
| 8949086633 | spoils system/ rotation in office | jobs in government went to those who helped one get elected | 59 | |
| 8949086634 | indian removal act 1830 | jacksons decision to move all idians west of mississippi river | 60 | |
| 8949086635 | transcendentalists | emphasis on personal feel over learned analysis | 61 | |
| 8949086636 | horace mann | brought changes to public education | 62 | |
| 8949086637 | dorothea dix | led thr fight for changes in treatment of insane | 63 | |
| 8949086638 | seneca falls convention 1848 | adopted resolutions for women's rights | 64 | |
| 8949086639 | mexican war 1846-48 | treaty of guadeloupe hidalgo ended the war | 65 | |
| 8949086640 | missouri compromise | 1820/ maine free state/missouri slave state | 66 | |
| 8949086641 | compromise of 1850 | cali admitted as a free state | 67 | |
| 8949086642 | nat turner | leads slave revolt against master in S.C | 68 | |
| 8949086643 | kansas nebraska act | repealed the missouri compromise | 69 | |
| 8949086644 | dred scott case | slaves are property | 70 | |
| 8949086645 | fort sumter | southern forces fire on ft. sumter in S.C., civil war begins | 71 | |
| 8949086646 | suspension of habeas corpus | lincoln had people arrested without knowing charges | 72 | |
| 8949086647 | appomattox | lee surrendurs to grant in 1865 to end war | 73 | |
| 8949086648 | homestead act | provided free land (106 acres) in the west to those who settled it and developed it | 74 | |
| 8949086649 | pacfific railroad act | set up funding for the building of transcontinential railroad | 75 | |
| 8949086650 | lincolns 10% plan | when 10% of voters in southern states pledged allegiance to U.S. it would become part of union | 76 | |
| 8949086651 | radical republican | those in congress who felt johnsons plan was too easy on the south | 77 | |
| 8949086652 | 13th amendment | abloished slavery in u.s | 78 | |
| 8949086653 | 14th amendment | blacks given citizenship | 79 | |
| 8949086654 | 15th amendment | blacks given right to vote | 80 | |
| 8949086655 | compromise of 1877 | hayes given election of 1876 if u.s. troops would pull out of south | 81 | |
| 8949086656 | sharecropping | land and seed given to blacks and poor whites | 82 | |
| 8949086657 | plessy vs. ferguson | seperate but equal facilities | 83 | |
| 8949086658 | robber barrons | used cutthroat tactics to make millions | 84 | |
| 8949086659 | gospel of wealth | justifies riches of the wealthy | 85 | |
| 8949086660 | sherman antitrust act | designed to break up trusts/ no teeth | 86 | |
| 8949086661 | munn v. illinois | regulated railroad rates | 87 | |
| 8949086662 | american federation of labor | union formed to work for better wages | 88 | |
| 8949086663 | collective barganing | unions and employers negotiate or bargain terms of employment | 89 | |
| 8949086664 | homestead strike | carnegie plant goes on strike | 90 | |
| 8949086665 | pullman strike | railroad car strike | 91 | |
| 8949086666 | gilded age politic | time of corruption | 92 | |
| 8949086667 | thomas nast | famous political cartoonist | 93 | |
| 8949086668 | pendleton act | government jobs would be based on ability | 94 | |
| 8949086669 | old immigration | west & northern europe | 95 | |
| 8949086670 | new immigration | italians, greeks, jews | 96 | |
| 8949086671 | chinese exclusion act | limit number of chinese into the country | 97 | |
| 8949086672 | chivington massacre | group of cheyenne indiansa massacred in colorado by American troops | 98 | |
| 8949086673 | battle of little bighorn | U.S troops wiped out by crazy horse and sitting bull | 99 | |
| 8949086674 | battle of wounded knee | 200 indians dead in south dakota/ indians give up | 100 | |
| 8949086675 | dawes severalty act 1887 | attempt to turn plains indians into farmers | 101 | |
| 8949086676 | John Adams | said, "The Revolution was effected before the war commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people...This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the peoplej was the real American Revolution." | 102 | |
| 8949086677 | John Quincy Adams | secretary of state under Monroe; deftly negotiated a number of treaties that fixed U.S. borders, opened new territories, and acquired Florida from the Spanish | 103 | |
| 8949086678 | American Antislavery Society | n abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglass was a key leader of the society and often spoke at its meetings | 104 | |
| 8949086679 | American Federation of Labor | only skilled workers, led by Gompers, focused on "bread and butter" issues | 105 | |
| 8949086680 | American Protective Association | an American anti-Catholic society (similar to the Know Nothings) that was founded on March 13, 1887 by Attorney Henry F. Bowers in Clinton, Iowa | 106 | |
| 8949086681 | Chester Arthur | president during Gilded Age | 107 | |
| 8949086682 | Elizabeth Blackwell | an abolitionist, women's rights activist, and the first female doctor in the United States | 108 | |
| 8949086683 | Civil Service Commission | created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential government employees | 109 | |
| 8949086684 | Committees of Correspondence | groups throughout the colonies that traded ideas and apprised each other of the political mood | 110 | |
| 8949086685 | Coxey's Army | a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by the populist Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time | 111 | |
| 8949086686 | Eugene V. Debs | led Socialists | 112 | |
| 8949086687 | Thomas A. Edison | inventor | 113 | |
| 8949086688 | Millard Fillmore | the thirteenth President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853, and the last member of the Whig Party to hold that office | 114 | |
| 8949086689 | First Continental Congress | all colonies except Georgia attended in 1774 | 115 | |
| 8949086690 | Free-Soil Party | a regional, single-issue party devoted to the goals of the Wilmot Proviso | 116 | |
| 8949086691 | James Garfield | president during Gilded Age | 117 | |
| 8949086692 | Citizen Edmond Genet | visited America to seek its assistance in the French Revolution | 118 | |
| 8949086693 | George III | new kin, felt that the colonists should help pay the debt from the Seven Years' War | 119 | |
| 8949086694 | Samuel Gompers | led the AFL, concentrated on "bread and butter" issues | 120 | |
| 8949086695 | The Grange movement | cooperatives, with the purpose of allowing farmers to buy machinery and sell crops as a group and, therefore, reap the benefits of economies of scale | 121 | |
| 8949086696 | Greenback Party | The party opposed the shift from paper money back to a specie-based monetary system because it believed that privately owned banks and corporations would then reacquire the power to define the value of products and labor. Conversely, they believed that government control of the monetary system would allow it to keep more currency in circulation, as it had in the war | 122 | |
| 8949086697 | Benjamin Harrison | president during Gilded Age | 123 | |
| 8949086698 | Rutherford B. Hayes | elected president in 1876 | 124 | |
| 8949086699 | Andrew Jackson | popular president who believed in universal manhood suffrage | 125 | |
| 8949086700 | Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence; Secretary of State under Washington | 126 | |
| 8949086701 | Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's vice-president; opposed secession and strongly supported Lincoln during his first term | 127 | |
| 8949086702 | Knights of Labor | one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century, demanded an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories | 128 | |
| 8949086703 | Know-Nothing (American) Party | met privately and remained secretive about their political agenda, rallied around a single issue: hatred of foreigners | 129 | |
| 8949086704 | Ku Klux Klan | targeted those who supported Reconstruction; it attacked and often murdered scalawags, black and white Republican leaders, community activists, and teachers | 130 | |
| 8949086705 | Liberty Party | The party was an early advocate of the abolitionist cause. It broke away from the American Anti-Slavery Society due to grievances with William Lloyd Garrison's leadership | 131 | |
| 8949086706 | Abraham Lincoln | 40% of popular vote; over 50% of electoral vote | 132 | |
| 8949086707 | Alfred Thayer Mahan (author, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History) | His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I | 133 | |
| 8949086708 | Horace Mann | instrumental in pushing for public education and education reform in general | 134 | |
| 8949086709 | William McKinley | pro-business, his assassination made Theodore Roosevelt president | 135 | |
| 8949086710 | James Monroe | president who wanted Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere | 136 | |
| 8949086711 | Mormon Church | founded by Joseph Smith, moved to Salt Lake City | 137 | |
| 8949086712 | National Labor Union | first national labor federation in the United States | 138 | |
| 8949086713 | Thomas Paine | English printer who advocated colonial independence and argued for the merits of republicanism over monarchy | 139 | |
| 8949086714 | Franklin Pierce | moderate, elected president after publishing of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" | 140 | |
| 8949086715 | James Polk | a Democrat expansionist who ran against Henry Clay in 1844: "54 40 or fight", Mexican-American War | 141 | |
| 8949086716 | Populist Party/Platform | farmers' movement: government ownership of railroads and telegraphs, a graduated income tax, direct election of U.S. senators, and shorter workdays | 142 | |
| 8949086717 | Republican Party | dedicated to keeping slavery out of the territories, but they championed a wider range of issues, including the further development of national roads, more liberal land distribution in the West, and increased protective tariffs | 143 | |
| 8949086718 | Rough Riders | the name bestowed by the American press on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish-American War | 144 | |
| 8949086719 | Second Continental Congress | convened just weeks after the battles of Lexington and Concord. It prepared for war by establishing a Continental Army, printing money, and creating government offices to supervise policy. | 145 | |
| 8949086720 | Shakers | utopian group that splintered from the Quakers, believed that they and all other churches had grown too interested in this world and neglectful of their afterlives; no sex | 146 | |
| 8949086721 | Sons of Liberty | group who protested the Stamp Act | 147 | |
| 8949086722 | Nat Turner | led violent slave uprising, caused passage of black codes | 148 | |
| 8949086723 | George Washington | led a colonial contingent that attacked a French outpost and lost badly, but welcomed as a hero in Virginia; first president | 149 |
