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| 202850770 | King George III | -King of England during the American Rev. War -Ruled 1760-1820 - Won 7 Year War, plan to establish British control of the former French fur trade in the west (W of colonies to Miss. River) by excluding settlement there by the Americans (reversed 1740's policy of promoting Am. settlement there), tax Americans to finance a British army which was charged with keeping Americans out of the west and paying for war | |
| 202850771 | Proclamation of 1763 | -Proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of Appalachian Mountains, and required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. -Part of Treaty of Paris that ended war -Result of Pontiac's Rebellion to reduce friction between Native American and settlers, protect fur trade, and keep western land speculation under the control of the crown | |
| 202850772 | 1756-1763 | The Seven Years War - French and Indian War (N.A. portion) -War between British and French over North America | |
| 202861352 | Stamp Act | March 22, 1765 - British legislation, Prime Minister Grenville's revenue measures, which required all legal or official documents used in the colonies (wills, deeds, newspapers) must be written on stamped British paper. Caused riots, most of the the paper was burned by angry mobs. B/c of opposition & decline in British imports caused by the non- importation movement, London merchants convinced Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766, but simultaneously issued Declaratory Act to secure dependency | |
| 230625338 | 1607 | Jamestown, the first permanent English colony on North America, is founded. | |
| 230625339 | 1776 | On July 4 of this year, fifty-six representatives from the thirteen colonies unanimously approved the Declaration of Independence. | |
| 230625340 | 1803 | Louisiana Purchase; Marbury Vs. Madison | |
| 230625341 | 1861-1865 | The American Civil War was fought during these years. It began with the firing on Fort Sumter and ended with the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House almost four years later. | |
| 230625342 | 1914-1918 | The years of World War I which were triggered by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and ended with the Treaty of Versailles. US entered in 1917 | |
| 230625343 | 1929 | Great Depression begins, stock market crash | |
| 230625344 | 1941-1945 | WWII | |
| 230789539 | Tropical Climate in US | South Florida and Hawaii. Hot humid weather year round. | |
| 230789540 | Mediterranean Climate in US | California. Mild wet winters and dry hot summers. Can grow crops year round. | |
| 230789541 | Marine Climate in US | Pacific NW. Southern Alaska to Northern California. Coastal mountains. Moist and rainy climate. | |
| 230789542 | Highland Climate in US | Cascades, Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountains. Cool temps year round, snow remains (East of Marine climate on map) | |
| 230789543 | Steppe Climate in US | East of the Rockies, dry grasslands. Bushes and short grasses w/little rainfall, extremes, blizzards and high temps. | |
| 230789544 | Desert Climate in US | SE of Sierra Nevada in SW US, little rain, farmers use irrigation | |
| 230789545 | Tundra and Subarctic Climate in US | Alaska. Cold. Tundra = rolling plain w/o trees. Lower layers of tundra are permafrost. | |
| 230789546 | Humid Continental and Humid Subtropical in US | 1/2 US. Continental - KY & up, 1/2 Kansas over. Mild summers and cold winters. Subtropical - SE US. Warm and humid. | |
| 230789547 | Clara Barton | Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field, Union Nurse. | |
| 230789548 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | Abolitionist, Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852. The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery. Enraged Southerners against North | |
| 230789549 | Harriet Tubman | American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom. | |
| 230789550 | Jefferson Davis | an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865. Richmond, VA was the capital of of the Confederacy | |
| 230789551 | Ulysses S. Grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). Union general in the American Civil War. Accepted Robert E Lee's surrender April 9, 1865. Easily won 1868 election against Horatio Seymour, Radical Reconstruction Republican | |
| 231384749 | Eli Whitney | 1793, invented the cotton gin - separated the cotton from the seed. High British and N US demand during industrial revolution. Improved efficiency, and the South was able to clear more acres of cotton fields, which also increased the demand for slaves. 1798 invented machine for making guns, interchangable parts, division of labor, mass production - spurred industrial revolution | |
| 231384750 | Cyrus McCormick | Virginian, 1831 inventor that developed the mechanical reaper. The reaper replaced scythes as the preferred method of cutting crops for harvest, and it was much more efficient and much quicker. The invention helped the agricultural growth of America, increased production. | |
| 231384751 | Robert Fulton | 1807, built first steamboat called "Clermont" - based on ideas of John Fitch. Replaced sails, sped up water travel. Became a viable means of transporting goods. Linked western waterways with Southern/Eastern Coast and helped unite the nation. | |
| 231384752 | Manifest Destiny | Coined in the 1840s by the Jacksonian Democrats, was the belief that the United States was "destined" to spread from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. Used to promote the annexation of most of the Western United States (Oregon Territory, Texas Annexation, and the Mexican Cessation). Always regarded as a general notion rather than a specific policy. | |
| 239149959 | WWII - Postwar period | 1939-1963 | |
| 239149960 | Baby Boom | Postwar Period - A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility. | |
| 239397780 | The Sonoran Desert | SE of Mojave Desert, straddles US Mexico border, covers large parts of AZ, Baja, CA. Subregions include Colorado and Yuma Desert | |
| 239397781 | The Great Basin Desert | Only cold desert in the country, most precipitation is snow. Covers 3/4 of Nevada, W&S Utah | |
| 239397782 | The Mojave Desert | The hottest desert in the US, SE California, S Nevada, SW Utah. Las Vegas is in this desert and also Death Valley | |
| 239397783 | Chihuahan Desert | SE most, and largest desert in US, Most in Chihuahua MX, but reach up into western Arizona, southern New Mexico, and Texas. Called rain shadow desert b/c Sierra Madre blocks moisture | |
| 239397784 | Desert | Area that receives less than 10 inches of rain per year | |
| 239397785 | Mississippi River | Largest river SYSTEM in the U.S., from Minnesota in the North, to the Gulf of Mexico/LA in the South | |
| 239397786 | Missouri River | the longest river in the United States, arises in Montana and flows southeastward to become a tributary of the Mississippi at Saint Louis | |
| 239397787 | Rio Grande | a North American river, boundary between the United States and Mexico; flows into Gulf of Mexico, 4th longest river in US | |
| 239397788 | Yukon River | It begins in the southwestern edge of the Yukon Territory of Canada, and then flows northwest across the border into Alaska. This massive river continues southwest across central Alaska, ending at the Bering Sea | |
| 239397789 | St Lawrence River | Runs east from Lake Ontario into the Altlantic Ocean | |
| 239397790 | Arkansas River | a river that rises in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and flows southeast through Kansas and Oklahoma and through Arkansas to become a tributary of the Mississippi River | |
| 239397791 | Colorado River | What river begins in the Rocky Mountains and flows into the gulf of California | |
| 239397792 | The 5 Great Lakes | West to East - Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Contain approx 84% of N.A.'s surface fresh water | |
| 239397793 | Number of Physical Regions in the US | 8. 1. Hawaiian Islands (grew out of volcanoes, some still active, white and black sand beaches) 2. Pacific Coast (rugged mountains) 3. Intermountain Region (E of Pac.Coast, large plateau, deserts, great basin) 4. Rocky Mountains (high elevation, N Alaska to mid NM, wall) 5. Interior Plains (open land, great plains and central lowlands) 6. Canadian Shield (lots of buried minerals, lacks soil for farming, E Minn., W WI), 7. Appalachian Mts. (Maine down to AL), 8. Coastal Plains (east coast lowlands, fertile soil, gulf and atlantic plains | |
| 239416939 | Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation | National government had no authority over its individual citizens, little control over state governments, Confederation Congress could make laws but no measures to carry out laws, no place for states to resolve differences, each state only had one vote in Congress no matter what size it was, held power for war and peace but no ability to collect taxes/get money, called by George Washington "a shadow without substance" | |
| 239416940 | Major ideas in Declaration of Independence | -Written by Thomas Jefferson, ideals influenced by John Locke -Rights of Citizens - all men created equal, unalienable rights life, liberty and pursuit of happiness, government should be based on consent of governed -Freedom, reduce absolute unlimited power right to rise up against this suffering | |
| 246666527 | George Washington | Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States 1789-1797. Led Second Continental Congress. | |
| 246666528 | Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists | Federalists wanted strong central government and weaker state, more power to experienced, separation of church and state, stated that national government would protect individual rights - support constitution Anti-Federalists wanted states' rights, bill of rights, unanimous consent, reference to religion, complained constitution failed to protect basic liberties, for small farmers etc., shorter terms | |
| 246666529 | The Federalist Papers | Series of newspaper articles written by John Hay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton which enumerated arguments in favor of the Constitution and refuted the arguments of the anti-federalists, approx. 85 articles | |
| 246666530 | Why Bill of Rights was added | Anti-Federalists - to get their support, to protect individual rights | |
| 246666531 | Representation/Importation of slaves in the Constitution | Great Compromise = two houses, House of Representatives by population. South wanted to count slaves as population, but not for paying taxes to national govt. Also North agreed congress couldn't outlaw slave trade for 20 years (until 1808) Article 1 - Section 2 - 3/5 compromise, native americans not counted at all Article 1-Section 9 - migration or importation of ppl shall not be restricted until 1808, but a tax may be levered up to $10 Article 4-Section 2 - slaves cannot become free by escaping | |
| 246666532 | Louisiana Purchase | 1803 by President Thomas Jefferson, 3rd president (1801-1809), bought from Napoleon for $15 million, doubled size of US Land was from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains, originally just wanted New Orleans and FL, but Napoleon needed the money for the war with Britain | |
| 246716844 | Lewis and Clark Expedition | 1804-1806, 1st federally funded scientific project to explore new land purchased in 1803. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast. | |
| 246716845 | Jacksonian Democracy | Elected 1829-1837 (7th president) Spoils system= openly defended pick your friends to work beside you with gov't jobs. Veto National Bank = all fed money was in there, had complete control over credit and how much money state banks recieved - represented power of wealthy. Vetoed bank renewal bill, moved to "pet banks", went out of business in 1836 when charter ran out | |
| 246716846 | Nullification Crisis | Jackson and VP at time, John Calhoun b/c of tariff on imports passed before election in 1829. Calhoun favored states rights/sovereignty, South Carolina disliked, wanted abolished b/c use a lot of imports Tax lowered in 1832, but still disliked, Calhoun became senator for SC, SC passed Nullification Act declaring the tariff "null, void, and no law," 1833 resolved by compromise act Henry Clay, lowered tariffs even more | |
| 246716847 | Sherman's march to the sea | (1864-1865) Union General William Tecmseh Sherman's march from Chattanooga-Atlanta-Savannah. An early instance of "Total war", puposely targeting infrastucture and civialian property to diminish moral and undercut the confederate war effort. Burned all in his path | |
| 246716848 | Civil War | 1861-1865, began at capture of Fort Sumter, ended with Lee's surrender at Appomattox, President of Union - Lincoln, President of Confederates, Robert E Lee | |
| 246716849 | Capture of Fort Sumter | -1 of 2 federal gvt. forts in the South, Charleston SC. -Ran short of supplies, Confederates surrounded to prevent fed reinforcement from reaching fort. Lincoln was president for only 4 weeks then, sent supplies but not soldiers -Confederates viewed it as war, bombarded on April 12 - Fort Sumter surrendered after 34 hours...beginning of Civil War. Lincoln began mobilizing North. | |
| 248223065 | Townshend Acts | laws passed in 1767 by British Parliament that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea. This was to raise money since they Stamp Act was repealed in March 1766. The money would be used to pay British colonial officials. | |
| 248223066 | Tax on Tea | 1773, British East India Company had financial troubles, governments solution = Tea Act. -Gave EIC exclusive rights to sell tea directly to the Americans without paying British import tax. - cut out business for colonial sea captains/merchants - colonials protested...led to Boston Tea Party | |
| 248379516 | Battles of Lexington and Concord | The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston. Paul Revere and William Dawes rode to warn. | |
| 248379517 | Treaty of Paris | Continental Congress delegates traveled to Paris, agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country Took two years to compromise, signed on September 3, 1783 Added land from Appalachian to Mississippi, Canada to Florida - FL returned to Spain | |
| 248379518 | Thomas Paine | Patriot and writer whose pamphlet Common Sense, published in January 1776, convinced many Americans that it was time to declare independence from Britain. | |
| 248379519 | Early presidential challenge - creating a stable economy | -Debt from Revolutionary War, Hamilton's plan said federal government pays debt of nation and states, South hated b/c they had already paid off debts and their tax money would go towards it Compromise = state capital built in "south" - DC -National Bank - Hamilton, passed in 1791 -Tariffs and excise taxes, | |
| 248379520 | Early presidential challenge - maintaining national security | -British still lived in NW Territory/W of Appalachians, provoking Indians, Battle of Fallen Timbers near Toledo = Treaty of Greenville where natives surrendered present-day Ohio land. -Jay Treaty w/Britain -Spain controlling the Mississippi -Pirates in Mediterranean - US payed tribute -Neutrality during French Revolution - France asked US to abide by Treaty of Alliance of 1778 to help each other, but didn't | |
| 248379521 | Early presidential challenge - establishing a court system | Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 - stated Supreme Court should have 1 chief justice and 5 associates (now 8), plus 3 lower circuit courts and 13 district courts. Gave power to SC to rule on decisions of state courts whether or not unconstitutional | |
| 248379522 | Early presidential challenge - Defining authority of the central government | -Whiskey Rebellion - Washington sent in militia -Treaties and reactions to national security issues, etc. | |
| 248379523 | Growth of political parties | Hamiltons group = Federalists Jeffersons group = Democratic-Republicans -groups disagreed too sharply for compromise | |
| 248379524 | Growth of Sectionalism | North, South, West, different interest since early 1800's. Geography-North/South power in gvt., ultimately slavery! growth of US and more states Economics-protective tariffs, slavery wanted in Missouri (Missouri Compromise), History contributed -The north had rapid growth to cities, manufacturing, and the factory system. The south's economy remained centered on slavery and cotton. The Era of Good Feelings ended, nationalism or sectionalism would triumph. -1824 Election based on sectionalism | |
| 248379525 | Regions tried to resolve sectional differences by... | -Tried to play down any discussion of slavery, Compromise of 1850 | |
| 248379526 | Missouri Compromise | Compromise worked out by Henry Clay in 1820: slavery would be prohibited in the Louisiana territory north of 36o30'; Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state, Maine would enter the Union as a free state. | |
| 248379527 | Compromise of 1850 | Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession | |
| 248379528 | Robert E. Lee | American soldier, he refused Lincoln's offer to head the Union army and agreed to lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union's commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. -Disagreed with slavery and secession, couldn't "raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home." | |
| 248379529 | GI Bill | 1944, Provided for college or vocational training for returning WWII veterens as well as one year of unemployment compensation. Also provided for loans for returning veterens to buy homes and start businesses. | |
| 248379530 | The American Dream | the idea (often associated with the Protestant work ethic) held by many in the United States of America that through hard work, courage and determination one could achieve prosperity. | |
| 248379531 | Cuban Missile Crisis | an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later. | |
| 248379532 | Red Scare | period in US when there was a suspicion of communism and fear of widespread infultration of communists in the US gvnt -1st, 1919-1920, 2nd, 1947-1957 | |
| 248379533 | McCarthyism | In 1950, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy began a sensational campaign against communists in government that led to more than four years of charges and countercharges, ending when the Senate censured him in 1954. -McCarthyism became the contemporary name for the red scare of the 1950's. | |
| 248379534 | The Muckrakers | a group of journalists nicknamed this by Teddy Roosevelt. progressive era journalists who make the public aware of the social problems within the American society. -emerged after 1900 - WWI | |
| 248379535 | The Pendleton Act | The Pendleton Act of 1883 made campaign contributions from federal employees illegal, and it established the Civil Service Commission to make appointments to federal jobs on the basis of competitive examination. It was basically made to stop political corruption. The civil-service reform forced politicians to gain support and funds from big-business leaders. | |
| 248379536 | Andrew Carnegie | Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist, education and public libraries | |
| 248379537 | John D. Rockefeller | an American industrialist and philanthropist. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company and ran it until he retired in the late 1890s. He kept his stock and as gasoline grew in importance, his wealth soared and he became the world's richest man and first U.S. dollar billionaire, and is often regarded as the richest person in history | |
| 248379538 | J.P. Morgan | Business man -refinanced railroads during depression of 1893 - built intersystem alliance by buying stock in competeing railroads - marketed US government securities on large scale, banker -assumed control of Wall Street in 1907 Panic | |
| 248522033 | Mound Builders | Name from elaborate mounds for burial and religious sites -1. The Adena (s. Ohio/w. WV) approx 700b.c.e to 200 a.d, mainly hunter/gatherers -2. The Hopewell - WV-MI, height from approx 100b.c.e.-500, farmers, more advanced and organized, traders (possibly climate caused decline?) -3. The Mississippian Culture - yr. 700-1500, most advanced, aka Temple Mound Builders, traders, largest settlement was Cahokia | |
| 248522034 | Inuits | Northern Canada, lived near sea, Artic region. They used all the limited resources of their environment to survive. They hunted seal, whale, walrus and caribou and used ice & snow to make igloos. | |
| 248522035 | Plains Indians | W of Mississippi to Rockies -Sioux, Pawnee, Crow, Cheyenne, Comanche. -Lived in villages along rivers, farmed, during summer they hunted buffalo herds, tepees -Life changed dramatically by horses/European approx 1600's....went from farming to mostly hunters, following the herds | |
| 248522036 | Iroquois | In NE woodlands, 5 nations among them were constantly at war - Cayuga, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca...Mohawk leaders Hiawatha suggested banding together... = Iroquois League -called first true representative form of government in NA | |
| 248522037 | Northwest Indians | No need to farm b/c food was so abundant, totem poles, built wood houses, wealthiest families made decisions, held potlatches - host family gave gifts to members of community | |
| 248522038 | Southwest Indians | -Either farmers or hunters/gatherers. lived in pueblos like the cliff dwellers -Largest was Pueblos, Hopi and Zuni -skilled farmers-beans, corn, squash, tobacco, built irrigation canals, Apache and Navajo came to region around 1500...Navajo eventually farmed, but Apache never did | |
| 248522039 | Southeast Indians | most densely populated, Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Natchez, fished, hunted, women farmed -Women had high standing in cultures, could be members of war councils and warriors | |
| 248522040 | How Constitution came into being | Philadelphia May 1787, became known as Constitutional Convention, but aim was at first to revise articles of confederation -12/13 states represented, RI didn't participate, 55 men attended (aka founding fathers) -James Madison was first to arrive with plans and research-new framework -Virginia Plan - three branches and two house legislatures, both based on population, New Jersey Plan - same but single body congress, one vote no matter what -THE GREAT COMPROMISE-both plans -3/5 COMPROMISE - 3/5 of slaves would count in population for House of Reps | |
| 248522041 | Judicial Review | the power of the Supreme Court to review government acts and possibly declare them unconstitutional, right never given by Constitution, but chief justice John Marshall believed that is what founding fathers meant. -1803 called act of congress unconstitutional - Marbury v. Madison -established a precedent for future courts to follow | |
| 248522042 | First government under Articles of Confederation | Few people felt part of one nation at that time, states unwilling to give power over to national govt., -John Dickinson was main author -unstable nation, weak central government, no authority over citizens, no way to raise funds, could make laws but not carry out, from 2,000 to 100,000 settlers in the West during this period, but Congress couldn't help w/removing British, purchase Native land -Major achievements include Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance -Failing economy, worthless money, trade among states problems, Shay's rebellion | |
| 248522043 | Intolerable Acts | aka Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament in March 1774, ex: closed Boston port until tea payments made, British accused of crimes tried in England, British troops must be quartered in any town/private homes, etc. made them want to fight back, including Washington | |
| 248522044 | Grenville Acts | 1764-65 these acts included the stamp, sugar, and currency acts. they were designed to control trade and raise revenue. there was great oppositoin to these acts in the colonies, and the enforcement of these acts began a chain of events that eventually led to the Revolutionary war. | |
| 248522045 | Olive Branch Petition | On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. | |
| 248522046 | Benjamin Franklin | During the Revolutionary War, Benjamin Franklin served as an ambassador to France. Franklin was the oldest delegate to the Constitutional Convention and his advice proved crucial in the drafting of the Constitution. Franklin has often been held up as the paradigm of Enlightenment throughout in Colonial America because of his contributions to the fields of science and philosophy | |
| 248522047 | Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States, chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826) | |
| 248522048 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." | |
| 248522049 | Mercantilism and Economic Policy of British prior to American Revolution | economic doctrine in which government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and security of the state. -only trade with Britain, only produce raw materials, etc. caused friction | |
| 248522050 | Progressive Era through the New Deal | 1900-1939 | |
| 248522051 | The League of Nations | Wilson wrote it. Located in Geneva, Switzerland, it was established in order to make sure war didn't break out again. The United States Senate did not approve Wilson's plan to join because they thought the terms were too harsh on Germany. -Collective Security, weak and failed, didn't include the US and other major players, no power, no army, couldn't act quickly | |
| 248522052 | Prohibition | the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional Amendment 18 -Supported by Women's Christian Temperence, Anti-Saloon League | |
| 248522053 | The Red Scare of 1919-1920 | After the communists took over russia, the americas became kind of paranoid about communism, especially after the arrival and expoising of an american communist party. liberals were often scrutinized, to ensure the weren't communist. | |
| 248522054 | Women's Suffrage | 1920, National American Woman Suffrage Association formed in 1910 carries cause of women's suffrage to victory, granted suffrage in the 19th amendment, women also began to replace men in industries during the war | |
| 248522055 | Number of Amendments | 27 Amendments, first 10 are the Bill of Rights | |
| 248522056 | The Harlem Renaissance | -Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, A time during the 1920s when an extraordinarily talented group of African-American writers, artists, photographers and musicians lived, wrote, displayed, performed and published their work in Harlem, New York. Many of them had migrated from the Deep South. The artists and their work bore many similarities to Bourbon Street and the French Quarter in New Orleans. | |
| 248522057 | Zora Neale Hurston | Black writer who wanted to save African American folklore. She traveled all across the South collecting folk tales, songs & prayers of Black southerners. Her book was called Mules and Men., also Their Eyes Were Watching God | |
| 248522058 | Langston Hughes | A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People" | |
| 248522059 | Immigration Act | This was passed in 1924 which cut quotas for foreigners from 3 % to 2% of the total number of immigrants. The main purpose was to freeze America's existing racial composition which was largely Northern European. It also prevented Japanese immigration which led to fury in Japan. | |
| 248522060 | National Origins Act | 1924, Act which restricted immigration from any one nation to two percent of the number of people already in the U.S. of that national origin in 1890. Severely restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, and excluded Asians entirely. | |
| 248522061 | Major US Mountain Ranges | Appalachian- PA-GA Allegheny- NY-PA Boston Mts-W-E, Arkansas Rocky Mts - Canada to MX, many mountains Sierra Nevada - California Coastal Ranges - Washington | |
| 248522062 | Major US Lakes | Superior (MI,MN,WI), Huron (MI), Michigan (IL,IN,MI,WI), Erie (PA, OH, MI, NY), Ontario (NY), Great Salt Lake (Utah), Lake of the Woods (MN), Iliamna (AK), Lake Oahe (ND), Okeechobee (FL), etc. | |
| 248522063 | Consequences of Early contacts between Natives and Europeans | -Disease wiped out many Natives, Europeans learned how to grow crops such as tobacco, natives learned new weapons, horses -Exchange of ideas/goods became known early on as Columbian Exchange | |
| 248522064 | Hernan Cortes - Spanish | -1519-conquered Aztecs/Montezuma, looking for cities of gold | |
| 248522065 | Lief Eriksson-Norse | -Year 1009, Northern EU from present day Sweden,Denmark,Norway -Vinland - modern day Newfoundland in Canada -reason - lush new lands | |
| 248522066 | Marcho Polo - Italian | trading journey to East Asia-China/Cathay, sparked the Renaissance | |
| 248522067 | Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco de Gama, Pedro Alvares Cabral - Portugal | Dias - 1487-1488 - around Southern tip of Africa da Gama - 1497-1499 - around Africa to India -search for source of African gold, a way to Asia/India around Africa Cabral - 1500 - to Brazil | |
| 248522068 | Columbus, Vespucci, Ponce de Leon, Ferdinand Magellan, Francisco Coronado, Hernando de Soto - Spain | Columbus - 1492, 1504-Carribean, westward route to Asia de Leon - 1508, 1513 -St Augustine Magellan -1519-22 around tip of South America, first to sail around the world de Balboa - through Isthmus of Panama Coronado - SW US De Soto - search of seven cities of gold, FL - SC | |
| 248522069 | John Cabot, Henry Hudson - England | Cabot - in search of Asia - landed in Newfoundland | |
| 248522070 | Henry Hudson - Netherlands | -NE around EU to reach Asia via Arctic, decided to turn around and go the other way, New Amsterdam/New York city, | |
| 248522071 | Verrazano, Jaques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain, Jaques Marquette/Louis Joliet, Robert de La Salle - France | -Verrazono - NW passage to Asia 1524, between NC and Nova Scotia, first to sail into NYC harbor -Cartier - tried again 10yrs later, claimed Canada -Champlain - founded Quebec, fur trades LaSalle - how far Mississippi flowed, Louisiana | |
| 248522072 | Reasons for Colonization of US | -economic/fur trading, religious disagreement in England/Separatists/Pilgrims, investment, GA-poor and debt in England | |
| 248542752 | The Fugitive Slave Act | Was enacted in 1850. It increased the power of slave owners to recapture slaves. The Federal government backed rights to slave owners. It led to the Fugitive Slave Law -Part of Missouri Compromise to keep peace | |
| 248542753 | Dred Scott Case | 1857, Supreme Court case which ruled that slaves are not citizens but are property, affirmed that property cannot be interfered with by Congress, slaves do not become free if they travel to free territories or states, fueled abolitionist movement, hailed as victory for the south | |
| 248542754 | Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) | |
| 248542755 | The Underground Railroad | Began approx. 1817, A network of abolitionists that secretly helped slaves escape to freedom by setting up hiding places and routes to the North. Harriet Tubman is a key person to its success. | |
| 248542756 | Frederick Douglass | African American escaped from slavery in 1838, spoke out against injustices, North Star journal, 3 autobiographies | |
| 248542757 | William Lloyd Garrison | Abolitionist, unpopular in North and South, fiery declarations against slavery - "No union with slaveholders", supported peaceful separation of states -Published "The Liberator" | |
| 248542758 | John Brown | abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858) -October 1859, thought of himself as avenging angel doing God's will, small army of 18 followers, occupied a federal armory, seized rifle factory, took hostages -raid became major theme in election campaigns of 1860 | |
| 248542759 | The Monroe Doctrine | -President James Monroe, 1823, was the first and most famous American foreign policy, claiming that the United States would consider any foreign (European) challenge to the sovereignty of the American nation an unfriendly act, and that in return the U.S. would not involve itself in international concerns of European powers. The doctrine was an important expression of the growing nationalism in the U.S. in the 1820's, and it established the idea of the U.S. as the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. | |
| 248542760 | War of 1812 | (JM), 1812-1815, Resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, and impressments of American sailors into the British army (Leopard on Chesapeake) (1812 - 1815), Embargo Act | |
| 248985158 | Waltham & Lowell | This plan was "Lowell Mill Girls" used for female textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts. -Significant feature = young women from neighboring farms were hired to work in the textile mills to earn money until they married | |
| 248985159 | Textile Industry | -inventions such as the spinning jenny, spinning mule, and water frame in England around the time of the American Revolution made it one of the first mechanized industries | |
| 248986412 | Consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 | It reopened the issue of slavery in the area closed to slavery north of the 36 30 line of the Missouri Compromise | |
| 248986413 | WEB DuBois The Souls of Black Folk (1903) | -Contained a criticism of Booker T Washington's approach to expanding the opportunities of African Americans | |
| 249165535 | Expressed and Implied Powers | Which of the following powers can the National Government legally exercise? | |
| 249165536 | Reserved Powers | powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states | |
| 249165537 | Concurrent Powers | powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments | |
| 249165538 | The establishment clause | prohibits the government from either establishing a state religion or promoting one religion over the other -Part of 1st ammendment | |
| 249165539 | The free exercise clause | a famous clause in the constitution: the people of the country have the right to freely exercise any religion that they choose to; there is no national religion | |
| 249165540 | When president vetoes a bill... | The bill is returned to Congress, and both houses must pass the bill by 2/3 majority for it to become a law | |
| 249165541 | Conference Committees | meet to reconcile differences in Senate and House versions of bills...governors have no say in making a bill become a law, and the supreme court only rules on bills that have been passed into law | |
| 249165542 | How the constitution is amended | -two methods are possible per the Constitution, but only one has ever been used -Both houses of Congress propose and approve the amendment by a 2/3 vote, then the states ratify the amendment by approval of 3/4 of the states -the other way is that 2/3 of the states can call a convention for the purpose of amending the constitution, then must be ratified by 3/4 of the states legislatures | |
| 249165543 | The Full Faith and Credit Clause | Article IV, Section 1 - Provision requires that courts in all states uphold contracts and public acts established in other states. | |
| 249165544 | Home Rule | the power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs | |
| 249165545 | President of US Senate | vice president of the US; votes in case of a tie -Article I, Section 3, Paragraph 4 of Constitution | |
| 249165546 | Interest groups in US political system | They utilize lobbyists to provide policymakers with information on bills and issues, seek to influence the wording and passage of legislation that directly impacts their interests |
