Cell organelles, their function; cell membrane structure and functions
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| 224494387 | Phospholipid | molecule that has both a hydrophillic region and hydrophobic region |  |
| 224503086 | Phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids that makes up a plasma membrane |  |
| 224494388 | Integral Proteins | Proteins that extend through the phospholipid bilayer. |  |
| 224494389 | Peripheral Proteins | A protein loosely attached to the surface of a membrane | |
| 224503087 | cholesterol | steroid present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. A large amount of this in a phospholipid bilayer at High Temperatures reduces membrane fluidity, but at Lower Temperature prevents the membrane from solidifying. |  |
| 224494386 | Selective Permeability | Allows some substances to cross more easily than others | |
| 224494393 | Diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, so that they spread out evenly reaching equilibrium |  |
| 224494396 | Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane | |
| 224494394 | Concentration Gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space | |
| 224494391 | Transport Proteins | proteins that help to transport substances across cell membranes |  |
| 224494395 | Passive Transport | movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy | |
| 224494397 | Isotonic | a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell; the cell will not change |  |
| 224494398 | Hypertonic | the solution with the greater concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; the cell will lose water to its environment--> Cell will shrivel up |  |
| 224494399 | Hypotonic | the solution with the lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; water will enter the cell -> Cell will swell and burst |  |
| 224494402 | Plasmolysis | As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall |  |
| 224494403 | Facilitated Diffusion | passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a plasma membrane by transport proteins | |
| 224494404 | Active Transport | transport of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy |  |
| 224494405 | Sodium-Potassium Pump | a carrier protein that uses ATP to transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell against the concentration gradient; active transport, requires energy |  |
| 224494406 | Exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by vesicles |  |
| 224494407 | Endocytosis | the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle | |
| 224952141 | Phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which microbes are taken in by immune cells of animals (mainly by macrophages) |  |
| 224955086 | compound light microscope | microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image |  |
| 225066781 | diaphragm | controls the amount of light coming through the stage | |
| 225071606 | wet mount | a slide created using a coverslip, water, and a specimen |  |
| 225103305 | Prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles; found only in bacteria |  |
| 225103306 | Eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other membrane-bound organelles |  |
