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| 273778231 | Which of the following best describes how meiosis helps maintain genetic variation? A) Meiosis replaces mutated genes with normal ones before creating new cells. B) Meiosis exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes. C) Meiosis produces new nuclear membranes before the second cell division. D) Meiosis replicates chromosomes twice before the cells undergo cell division. | B) Meiosis exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes. | |
| 273778232 | In cats, the allele for short hair (S) is dominant over the allele for long hair (s). Make a Punnett square that shows a cross between a heterozygous cat with short hair and a homozygous cat with long hair and use it to answer the question. What is the probability that their offspring will have long hair? | 50% | |
| 273778233 | In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is dominant over the allele for no dimples (d). Make a Punnett square that shows a cross between two parents who are heterozygous for this trait and answer the question. What is the probability that the offspring will have dimples? | 100% | |
| 273778234 | Which of the following best describes the relationship between mRNA and tRNA? A) tRNA provides nitrogenous bases for mRNA. B) mRNA delivers amino acids to tRNA. C) tRNA translates the genetic code from mRNA. D) mRNA uses proteins to build tRNA molecules. | C) tRNA translates the genetic code from mRNA. | |
| 273778235 | Which of the following best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA? A) RNA delivers nitrogenous bases to DNA. B) RNA makes a complementary sequence of bases from DNA. C) RNA determines the sequence of bases in DNA. D) RNA builds the phosphate backbone that makes up the double helix. | B) RNA makes a complementary sequence of bases from DNA. | |
| 273778236 | Which base will be paired with guanine in DNA? | Cytosine | |
| 273778237 | Which base will be paired with uracil in RNA? Adenine | Adenine | |
| 273778238 | Which of the following is a base in a RNA molecule? A) thymine B) uracil C) ribose D) phosphate | B) uracil | |
| 273778239 | How does RNA differ from DNA? A) RNA contains a sugar in its nucleotides. C) RNA is a single-stranded molecule. B) RNA contains guanine and cytosine. D)RNA has a phosphate backbone. | C) RNA is a single-stranded molecule | |
| 273778240 | What is the correct anticodon for the AUG codon? | UAC | |
| 273778241 | Which process results in the formation of an mRNA molecule? | Transcription | |
| 273778242 | Which process produces two identical copies of DNA? | Replication | |
| 273778243 | How many bases make up a codon? | 3 | |
| 273778244 | Which process produces a chain of amino acids? | Translation | |
| 273778245 | How does RNA differ from DNA? A) RNA contains nucleotides. B) RNA contains uracil. C) RNA contains a sugar. D) RNA contains phosphate. | B) RNA contains uracil. | |
| 273778246 | If a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence, which of the following may be a likely effect on proteins? A) Proteins may be made at abnormal times or in irregular amounts. B) Proteins may become prone to bacterial infection. C) Proteins may insert themselves into the DNA sequence. D) Proteins may begin replicating through the process of binary fission. | A) Proteins may be made at abnormal times or in irregular amounts | |
| 273778247 | How would an organism most likely be affected by a DNA mutation? A) Its physical characteristics may change. B) Its cells would not go through mitosis. C) Its DNA would be destroyed by white blood cells. D) Its evolutionary fitness would increase. | A) Its physical characteristics may change. | |
| 273778248 | Which process increases diversity by causing variation in genotypes? A) DNA replication B) mitosis C) mutation D) binary fission | C) mutation | |
| 273778249 | If a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence, which of the following may be a likely effect on genes? A) The genes' nucleotides will rearrange themselves. B) The genes' abilities to code for proteins will be altered. C) The genes will learn a new genetic code for synthesizing proteins. D) The genes will make proteins from carbohydrates rather than amino acids | B) The genes' abilities to code for proteins will be altered. | |
| 273778250 | A segment of sperm DNA has an incorrect sequence of bases caused by an error during replication before meiosis. How will this error most likely affect offspring produced from this gamete? A) The offspring may not be able to replicate DNA. B) The offspring may have to make its own DNA from existing proteins. C) The offspring may double its number of chromsomes. D) The offspring may have phenotypes not observed in its parents. | D) The offspring may have phenotypes not observed in its parents. | |
| 273778251 | Which statement best describes the relationship between mutations and genetic diversity? A) Mutations decrease genetic diversity. B) Mutations eliminate genetic diversity. C) Mutations increase genetic diversity. D) Mutations are caused by genetic diversity. | C) Mutations increase genetic diversity. | |
| 273778252 | Which process increases diversity by causing variation in genotypes? A) cellular respiration B) sexual reproduction C) transcription D) oxidative phosphorylation | B) sexual | |
| 273778253 | Which process increases diversity by causing variation in genotypes? A) meiosis B) asexual reproduction C) mitosis D) translation | A) meiosis | |
| 273778254 | Which of the following statements is true? A) New species are created whenever a genetic mutation occurs. B) Cells with mutated DNA die before they have the chance to divide. C) Mutations decrease the diversity of species' physical traits. D) Acquired mutations don't always lead to observable changes. | D) Acquired mutations don't always lead to observable changes. | |
| 273778255 | If a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence, which of the following may be a likely effect on proteins? A) Proteins may change into carbohydrates. B) Proteins may replace DNA in the nucleus. C) Proteins may not function properly. D) Proteins may break apart into amino acids. | C) Proteins may not function properly. | |
| 273778256 | Which of the following best describes how meiosis helps maintain genetic variation? A) Meiosis maintains genetic variation by forming nuclear envelopes around daughter nuclei. B) Meiosis maintains genetic variation by duplicating chromosomes before each cell division. C) Meiosis maintains genetic variation by the way it segregates the paternal and maternal chromosomes. D) Meiosis maintains genetic variation by conserving the parental chromosome number in each daughter cell. | C) Meiosis maintains genetic variation by the way it segregates the paternal and maternal chromosomes. | |
| 273778257 | Which of the following best describes how fertilization helps maintain genetic variation? A) Fertilization creates unique combinations of genes in offspring. B) Fertilization produces haploid male and female gametes. C) Fertilization forms offspring with a unique number of chromosomes. D) Fertilization replicates chromosomes to provide cells with new copies. | C) Fertilization forms offspring with a unique number of chromosomes. | |
| 273778258 | Which process produces genetic variation? A) DNA replication B) mitotic cell division C) crossing over D) cellular respiration | C) crossing over | |
| 273778259 | Which process produces genetic variation? A) cell cycle B) random fertilization C) Krebs cycle D) active transport | B) random fertilization | |
| 273778260 | Which process produces genetic variation? A) Fermentation B) RNA synthesis C) Calvin cycle D) Independent assortment | D) Independent assortment | |
| 273778261 | Which of the following best describes how meiosis helps maintain genetic variation? A) Meiosis replaces mutated genes with normal ones before creating new cells. B) Meiosis exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes.= crossing over C) Meiosis produces new nuclear membranes before the second cell division. D) Meiosis replicates chromosomes twice before the cells undergo cell division. | B) Meiosis exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes.= crossing over | |
| 273778262 | What of the following cellular components is present in a prokaryotic cell? | Circular DNA, ribosomes,cell membrane | |
| 273778263 | Which of the following statements best describes the lipid bilayer? A) The lipid bilayer produces ATP for cellular energy. B) The lipid bilayer regulates the flow of materials into cells. C) The lipid bilayer anchors enzymes involved in DNA replication. D) The lipid bilayer supplies the amino acids necessary for protein synthesis. | B) The lipid bilayer regulates the flow of materials into cells. | |
| 273778264 | Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes? A) directing cellular activities B) regulating what enters and exits the cell C) breaking down worn-out cell parts D) transporting proteins outside of cells | C) breaking down worn-out cell parts | |
| 273778265 | Which organelle is most closely associated with the terms double membrane, nucleolus, and DNA? | nucleus | |
| 273778266 | What is the function of cilia and flagella? | Movement | |
| 273778267 | Which organelle is most closely associated with the terms modifying, packaging, and vesicles? | Golgi apparatus (body) | |
| 273778268 | Which of the following best describes the function of the vacuole? A) performing cellular respiration B) storing water and food C) controlling cell movement D) producing macromolecules | B) storing water and food | |
| 273778269 | What process occurs in a cell's ribosomes? | protien synthesis, translation | |
| 273778270 | Which process occurs in a cell's chloroplast? | photosynthes | |
| 273778271 | Which cellular component is common to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A) cell wall B) capsule C) nucleus D) lysosome | A) cell wall | |
| 273778272 | Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A) storing excess food and water B) controlling the movement of cells C) replicating genetic information D) processing and transporting proteins | D) processing and transporting proteins | |
| 273778273 | What are the building blocks of cell membranes? | phospolipids | |
| 273778274 | Which of the following best describes a function of mitochondria? A) digesting cellular wastes B) making energy available to cells C) producing ATP from sunlight D) providing locomotion | B) making energy available to cells | |
| 273778275 | Which of the following is best described as pumping ions against the concentration gradient? A) diffusion B) exocytosis C) active transport D) osmosis | C) active transport | |
| 273778276 | Which of the following is best described as vesicles fusing with the cell membrane to release materials out of the cell? A) phagocytosis B) osmosis C) pinocytosis D) exocytosis | D) exocytosis | |
| 273778277 | Which of the following is an example of passive transport? A) pinocytosis B) diffusion C) phagocytosis D) cotransport | B) diffusion | |
| 273778278 | Which of the following is an example of active transport? A) diffusion B) mitosis C) osmosis D) endocytosis | D) endocytosis | |
| 273778279 | A cell absorbs dissolved molecules by engulfing them with its membrane. Which of the following best describes this transport mechanism? A) diffusion B) pinocytosis C) cotransport D) osmosis | B) pinocytosis | |
| 273778280 | Which is true of mitosis? A) Mitosis consists of three phases. B) Mitosis is responsible for the formation of sex cells. C) Mitosis causes cells to swell to ten times their normal size. D) Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells. | D) Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells. | |
| 273778281 | Which statement is true of meiosis? A) DNA is replicated twice during meiosis. B) Meiosis is involved in growth and repair. C) One cell division occurs during meiosis. D) Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half. | D) Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half. | |
| 273778282 | Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the formation of new nuclear membranes? | Telophase | |
| 273778283 | 56. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the formation of two identical cells? | Cytokinesis | |
| 273778284 | Why do sperm cells and egg cells contain only 23 chromosomes each? A) So that offspring will not inherit all of their genes from one parent and none from the other. B) So that when the chromosomes split into two halves, there will be 46 halves in each cell. C) So that when the two combine during fertilization, the fertilized egg will contain 46 chromosomes. D) So that when those 23 chromosomes duplicate themselves, there will be a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell | C) So that when the two combine during fertilization, the fertilized egg will contain 46 chromosomes. | |
| 273778285 | Which is true of mitosis? A) Mitosis is made up of three distinct phases. B) Mitosis results in two cells with 23 chromosomes each. C) Mitosis represents a portion of the cell cycle. D) Mitosis takes up most of a cell's lifetime. | C) Mitosis represents a portion of the cell cycle. | |
| 273778286 | Which is true of mitosis? A) It involves two rounds of DNA replication. B) It is a slow process, taking many days to complete. C) It occurs in most cells throughout the body. D) It results in haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each. | C) It occurs in most cells throughout the body. | |
| 273778287 | What is the function of interphase in cellular reproduction? A) pinching the membrane in half to form two identical cells B) allowing the cell to grow and prepare for division C) moving chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell D) shrinking the cell to allow room for newly created cells | B) allowing the cell to grow and prepare for division | |
| 273778288 | Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromatin condensing into chromosomes? | Prophase | |
| 273778289 | What is the function of cytokinesis in mitosis? A) making a copy of each chromosome B) dividing the cell in half to form two identical cells C) moving the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell D) forming a new nuclear envelope around each set of chromosomes | B) dividing the cell in half to form two identical cells | |
| 273778290 | Which process produces lactic acid in muscle cells? | Lactic acid fermentation | |
| 273778291 | What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? | To provide the cell with energy | |
| 273778292 | Which statement is true of meiosis? A) Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells. B) Meiosis creates two daughter cells. C) Meiosis occurs in organisms that reproduce sexually. D) Meiosis takes places in most body cells. | C) Meiosis occurs in organisms that reproduce sexually. | |
| 273778293 | Which of the following is the main product of glycolysis? A) DNA B) carbon dioxide C) ethanol D) pyruvic acid | D) pyruvic acid | |
| 273778294 | Which organelle is responsible for capturing energy from sunlight? | Chloroplast | |
| 273778295 | Which of the following is the pigment responsible for releasing electrons in sunlight? A) Thylakoid B) ATP C) Chlorophyll D)NADPH | C) Chlorophyll | |
| 273778296 | Which of the following best describes the main purpose of photosynthesis? A) delivering oxygen to a plant's roots B) converting light energy into chemical energy C) keeping the soil enriched with nutrients D) absorbing carbon dioxide from Earth's atmosphere | B) converting light energy into chemical energy | |
| 273778297 | Which of the following best describes the role ATP plays in cellular metabolism? A) ATP forms water to remove heat from cells during cellular metabolism. B) ATP supplies the activation energy for metabolic reactions. C) ATP acts like an enzyme to lower the energy requirement for metabolic reactions. D) ATP carries glucose to the mitochondria to start cellular metabolism. | B) ATP supplies the activation energy for metabolic reactions. | |
| 273778298 | Which of the following best describes how lipids affect the functioning of living organisms? A) Lipids are converted into nucleic acids for DNA synthesis. B) Lipids provide an energy source for periods of low glucose availability. Lipids contain most energy C) Lipids help to break apart proteins so that energy may be released. D) Lipids make up the backbone that holds DNA and RNA nucleotides together. | B) Lipids provide an energy source for periods of low glucose availability. Lipids contain most energy | |
| 273778299 | Which category of organic compounds contains the template for hereditary traits? A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) lipids D) nucleic acids | D) nucleic acids | |
| 273778300 | What makes up a triglyceride? | Fatty acids and glycerol | |
| 273964410 | Building blocks of Carbohydrates? And what are they made of? | Monosaccharides. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen | |
| 273964411 | Examples of Active Transport. | Protein pumps, endocytosis | |
| 273964412 | Building blocks of Lipids? And what are they made of? | Triglycerides. Fatty acids and glycerol | |
| 273964413 | Building blocks of Proteins? And what are they made of? | Amino acids. Nitrogen group, Carboxile group and Funtional group. | |
| 273964414 | DNA : Prokaryotic? Eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic : in the cytoplasm, circular Eukaryotic : in the nucleus, double helix | |
| 273964415 | Organelles : Prokaryotic? Eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic : no membrane-bound cells, but has ribosomes Eukaryotic : has cell membrane, all organelles except for chloroplast | |
| 273964416 | Lysosomes? | -cleans up the cell -contains digestive enzymes | |
| 273964417 | Endoplasmic Reticulum? | -makes lipids -detoxifies poisons -rough process -transports proteins | |
| 273964418 | Golgi Apparatus? | -modifies -packages vesicles -transports materials | |
| 273964419 | Reactants of Photosynthesis? | -carbon dioxide -water -light energy | |
| 273964420 | Nucleus? | -control center -stores DNA -nucleolus | |
| 273964421 | Mitochondria? | "power house" of the cell site of cellular respiration | |
| 273964422 | Ribosomes? | Site of protein | |
| 273964423 | Products fo photosynthesis? | sugar, oxygen | |
| 273964424 | Independent assortment? | seperates the alleles independently during the formation of gametes | |
| 273964425 | Crossing over? | exchanges genetic info between chromosomes | |
| 273964426 | DNA : # of strands? Type of sugar? Nucleotides? | -double stranded -deoxyribose - A-T, G-C | |
| 273964427 | Telophase II/Cytokinesis II | 4 haploid daughter cells are created. | |
| 273964428 | Anaphase II | sister chromatids seperate from eachother | |
| 273964429 | Metaphase II | line up in the middle | |
| 273964430 | Prophase II | spindles attach to sister chromatids | |
| 273964431 | Telophase I/Cytokinesis I | forms 2 haploid cells | |
| 273964432 | Anaphase I | chromosomes separate from eachother | |
| 273964433 | Metaphase I | line up in the middle | |
| 273964434 | Prophase I | form a tetrad and exchanges genetic material | |
| 273964435 | Purpose of Meiosis? | Provide the correct amount of genetic material during fertilization | |
| 273964436 | Genetic information on Meiosis? | Variations | |
| 273964437 | Types of cells in Meiosis? | gametes (egg or sperm) | |
| 273964438 | Genetic information for Mitosis? | identicle | |
| 273964439 | Types of cells for Mitosis? | Body cells | |
| 273964440 | Results of Mitosis? | 2 identicle daughter cells | |
| 273964441 | Results of Meiosis? | 4 genetically different daughter cells | |
| 273964442 | Sexual Reproduction? | Random fertilization in sperm and egg cell | |
| 273964443 | Mutations? | codes for proteins are altered causing proteins to be made at abnormal times. Physical characteristics may be changed. | |
| 273964444 | RNA : # of strands? Type of sugar? Neucleotides? Kinds? | -single stranded -Ribose -A-U, G-C mRNA, tRNA, rRNA | |
| 273964445 | Telophase/Cytokinesis | new nuclear membrane form and cell splits and forms 2 identicle daughter cells | |
| 273964446 | Anaphase | centromeres break apart and sister chromatids seperate to opposite sides | |
| 273964447 | Metaphase | line up in the middle | |
| 273964448 | Prophase | spindle fibers form | |
| 273964449 | Purpose of Mitosis? | growth and repair | |
| 273964450 | Active transport? | movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to higher concentration ( needs energy ) | |
| 273964451 | Examples : Prokaryotic? Eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic : bacteria Eukaryotic : fungi, animal, plant | |
| 273964452 | Chloroplast? | -site of photosynthesis -absorbs sun light -in plant cells | |
| 273964453 | Does Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane? | yes | |
| 273964454 | Plasma Membrane? | -outer boudry -controls what enters and leaves the cell | |
| 273964455 | Where does the Calvin Cycle occur? | Stroma of Chloroplast | |
| 273964456 | Where do light dependent reactions occur? | Thylakoid membrane | |
| 273964457 | Photosynthesis? | converts light energy to chemical energy | |
| 273964458 | Hypertonic solution will make the cell ______ because? | It will make it SHRINK because the concentration of the solutes is higher on the outside (water moves out) | |
| 273964459 | Examples of passive transport? | diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis | |
| 274004970 | Passive transport? | movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration ( does not use energy ) | |
| 274004971 | Cilia and Flagella? | movement of the cell | |
| 274004972 | Building blocks of Nucleic acid? | nucleotides | |
| 274004973 | Vacuole? | storage of food and water in plants | |
| 274004974 | Hypotonic solution will make the cell _____ because? | The cell will SWELL because the concentration solutes are higher inside the cell. ( water moves in ) |
