Wilkins-Baker Biology STAAR EOC cards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9989725929 | Biomolecules | organic molecules which combine to form living organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |  | 0 |
| 9989725930 | carbohydrates | 1. made up of:carbon,hydrogen and oxygen 2. combined in 1:2:1 ratio 3. include simple and complex sugars; 4. Functions: store energy, cell wall structure, & provide sugars for DNA and RNA; 5. monomer - monosaccharaide ; 6. polymer - polysaccharide | 1 | |
| 9989725931 | lipids | 1. biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; 2. includes fats,oils, waxes and steroids; 3. important component of cell membranes | 2 | |
| 9989725932 | proteins | 1. biomolecule composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; 2. monomer amino acids; 3. enzyme is an example 4. functions: regulation, catalyze chemical reactions, cell signaling, structure, transport | 3 | |
| 9989725933 | nucleic acids | 1. biomolecule made up of CHONP 2. monomer: nucleotides; 3. nucleotides contain a phosphate sugar and nitrogen base; 4. Polymers include DNA and RNA | 4 | |
| 9989725934 | monomer | single unit ; small piece of biomolecule | 5 | |
| 9989725935 | polymer | multi piece unit; made up of smaller monomers | 6 | |
| 9989725937 | dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules | 7 | |
| 9989725938 | hydrolysis | The process of splitting a compound into fragments with the addition of water; a kind of reaction that is used to break down polymers into simpler units, e.g. starch into glucose. | 8 | |
| 9989725939 | organic molecule | An organic compound always contains carbon; Examples : carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. | 9 | |
| 9989725940 | prokaryotic | an organism whose cell generally lacks a true nucleus Examples: bacterial cells | 10 | |
| 9989725941 | eukaryotic | organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus ; animals, plants, fungi, and protists | 11 | |
| 9989725942 | homeostasis | The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls or feedback loops, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions ex: sweating when hot | 12 | |
| 9989783218 | Positive feedback loop | An escalating cycle which does not stop without intervention ex: childbirth |  | 13 |
| 9989789769 | negative feedback loop | A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving example: body temperature |  | 14 |
| 9989725943 | energy conversion organelles | 1. Chloroplasts - Only in plant cells, these organelles convert solar energy to chemical energy that the cell can use. 2. Mitochondria - The energy center of the cell. Changes food energy into chemical energy the cell can use. | 15 | |
| 9989983988 | Photosynthesis | Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |  | 16 |
| 9989988221 | Photosynthesis Equation |  | 17 | |
| 9989992653 | Cellular Respiration | process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present; 34-36 ATP are produced when oxygen is present |  | 18 |
| 9989999165 | cellular respiration equation |  | 19 | |
| 9990054227 | Where does cellular respiration take place? | Mitochondria | 20 | |
| 9990058301 | Aerobic Respiration | Respiration that requires oxygen | 21 | |
| 9990060025 | Anaerobic Respiration | Respiration that does not require oxygen | 22 | |
| 9989725944 | transport of molecules organelles | movement of nutrients & wastes must occur within the cell; 1. lysosomes digest wastes; 2. vacuoles stores & removes wastes; 3. cell membrane controls movement of materials in and out of cell; 4. endoplasmic reticulum transports materials inside of cell | 23 | |
| 9990029713 | Passive transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell | 24 | |
| 9990015570 | Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |  | 25 |
| 9990020964 | facilitated diffusion | Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels | | 26 |
| 9990019031 | Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |  | 27 |
| 9990031121 | Active Transport | Movement of particles from low to high concentration across the membrane that requires energy (ATP). | 28 | |
| 9989725945 | synthesis of molecules organelles | organelles within a cell must make molecules ; 1. ribosomes make proteins; 2. golgi body repackages proteins for different uses; | 29 | |
| 9989725946 | virus | A submicroscopic infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell. It is non-cellular but consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. | 30 | |
| 9989725947 | lytic infection | viral infection which immediately makes host sick by destroying cells | 31 | |
| 9989725948 | lysogenic infection | viral disease which remain dormant for a time and causes no symptoms | 32 | |
| 9989725949 | human immunodeficiency virus | HIV caused AIDS or Aquired Immune Deficiency by destroying a special white blood cell known as a Helper T cell | 33 | |
| 9989725950 | influenza | viral disease caused by airborne transmission; vaccines must be taken annually to lower probability of contacting the "flu" | 34 | |
| 9989725951 | deoxyribonucleic acid | double-stranded nucleic acid found in the nucleus which provides instruction for making proteins; provides hereditary information | 35 | |
| 9989725952 | ribonucleic acid | single stranded nucleic acid made during transcription to provide template for making proteins at ribosome during translation | 36 | |
| 9989725953 | cell cycle | components include interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis | 37 | |
| 9989725954 | interphase | part of the cell cycle; resting stage of cell and preparation for mitosis; includes G 1 (duplication of organelles) S phase(replication of DNA) and G 2 (checking of replication) |  | 38 |
| 9989725955 | mitosis | part of cell cycle; division of the nucleus; includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase |  | 39 |
| 9989725956 | cytokinesis | part of cell cycle; division of cytoplasm and organelles except nucleus | 40 | |
| 9989725957 | cell differentiation | specialization of cells for a particular function |  | 41 |
| 9989725958 | cancer | uncontrolled cell division; creates tumors and interferes with normal cell function | 42 | |
| 9989725959 | Nucleotide | A subunit (monomer) of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. | 43 | |
| 9989725961 | Deoxyribose | A monosaccharide (sugar) found in each nucleotide in DNA. | 44 | |
| 9989725962 | Nitrogen Bases | Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine in DNA. Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine in RNA. | 45 | |
| 9989725963 | Genetic Code | The code found in DNA that matches codons in mRNA to amino acids on tRNA. | 46 | |
| 9989725964 | Genome | An organism's complete set of genetic information (DNA). | 47 | |
| 9989920671 | Protein Synthesis | Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA |  | 48 |
| 9989725965 | Transcription | The process where a copy of mRNA is made from one gene in DNA; occurs in nucleus |  | 49 |
| 9989725966 | Translation | The process of making a protein, where tRNA matches amino acids to codons in the mRNA; occurs in ribosome |  | 50 |
| 9989725968 | Meiosis | cell division creating sex cells with half the amount of DNA |  | 51 |
| 9989725969 | Monohybrid cross | punnett square showing results of genetic cross of one trait |  | 52 |
| 9989725970 | Dominant | allele with genetic trait always expressed | 53 | |
| 9989725971 | homozygous | alleles with the same genetic information |  | 54 |
| 9989835563 | Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |  | 55 |
| 9989725972 | Non-Mendelian Inheritance | genetic inheritance pattern different from dominant hides recessive trait such as codominance, imcomplete dominance | 56 | |
| 9989725973 | Incomplete Dominance | genetic inheritance pattern where phenotype of offspring are a blend between two separate parental phenotypes |  | 57 |
| 9989725974 | Genetic Mutation | changes in organism's DNA sequence; | 58 | |
| 9989725975 | Deletion | changes in genetic code with removal of nucleotides |  | 59 |
| 9989725976 | Insertion | changes in genetic code with addition of nucleotides |  | 60 |
| 9989725977 | Inversion | changes in genetic code with nucleotides in opposite order |  | 61 |
| 9989725978 | Gene | A unit of heredity; A portion of DNA that codes for a trait. |  | 62 |
| 9989725979 | Punnett Square | graphic organizer showing results of a genetic cross | 63 | |
| 9989725980 | Dihybrid cross | punnett square showing results of genetic cross of two traits | 64 | |
| 9989725981 | Mendelian Inheritance | genetic inheritance pattern when dominant trait always masks or hides phenotype of recessice trait | 65 | |
| 9989725982 | Recessive | Genetic trait which only expresses phenotype when in homozygous state; hides when dominant allel is present | 66 | |
| 9989725985 | Co-dominance | genetic inheritance pattern in which two dominant alleles are expressed in phenotype |  | 67 |
| 9989725986 | DNA fingerprinting | creating a gel electrophoresis of DNA nucleotides to determine similarities in banding patterns | 68 | |
| 9989725987 | Genetic Modification | changing of the DNA sequence to alter protein synthesis | 69 | |
| 9989725988 | Chromosomal Analysis | karyotype; picture of chromosomes to determine mutations such as nondisjunction | 70 | |
| 9989725989 | Sex Cells | Haploid cells created by meiosis; gametes | 71 | |
| 9989725990 | Independent Assortment | Mendel principle states different pairs of genes are passed to offsrping separately to form new gene combinations |  | 72 |
| 9989725991 | Crossing Over | exchange of DNA from separate chromosomes during meiosis |  | 73 |
| 9989725992 | Segregation | Mendel principle that gene pairs separate during meiosis so each parent passes down one form of gene to offspring. |  | 74 |
| 9989725993 | Common Ancestor | the most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved | 75 | |
| 9989725994 | Fossil Record | A term used by paleontologists to refer to the total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them | 76 | |
| 9989725996 | Anatomical Homologies | morphological(form or structure) or physiological (function) similarities between different species of plants or animals |  | 77 |
| 9989725998 | Developmental Homologies | Studying the embryological development of living things provides clues to the evolution of present-day organisms |  | 78 |
| 9989725999 | Natural Selection | the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures | 79 | |
| 9989726001 | Diversity | degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet | 80 | |
| 9989726006 | Mutation | a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene's which alters the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene | 81 | |
| 9989726007 | Recombination | change in genetic sequence which increases variation among organisms |  | 82 |
| 9989726009 | Taxonomy | classfy living organisms into groups; Domain,Kingdom,Phylum,Class,Order,Family,Genus,Species | 83 | |
| 9989726010 | Archaea Kingdom | prokaryotic kingdom of bacteria able to live in harsh enviroments which are hot,salty or acidic |  | 84 |
| 9989726011 | Eubacteria Kingdom | prokaryotic kingdom of bacteria with majority of organisms are beneficial and only a few are harmful |  | 85 |
| 9989726012 | Protist Kingdom | eukaryotic kingdom of mostly one celled organism divided into 3 groups: animal like, plant like, and fungus like |  | 86 |
| 9989726013 | Fungi Kingdom | eukaryotic kingdom of heterotrophic decomposers with cell walls made of chitin |  | 87 |
| 9989726014 | Plant Kingdom | eukaryotic kingdom of autotrophic, multicellular stationary organisms which undergo photosynthesis | 88 | |
| 9989726015 | Animal Kingdom | eukaryotic kingdom of heterotrophic, multicellular mobile organisms. | 89 | |
| 9989726017 | Reactants | Elements and compounds on left side of chemical equation which enter a chemical reaction | 90 | |
| 9989726018 | Products | Elements and compounds on right side of chemical equation which exit a chemical reaction | 91 | |
| 9989726019 | Internal Feedback Mechanisms | Chemical signals which communicate within a body system to help an organism maintain homeostasis | 92 | |
| 9989726020 | Ecological Succession | how an area changes over time from an area that is uninhabitable to one that is able to support a healthy ecosystem | 93 | |
| 9989726022 | Population | a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed | 94 | |
| 9989726023 | Community | a group of different populations (different species) that live in the same area | 95 | |
| 9989726024 | Biotic Factor | a living thing in an ecosystem; ex. plant, animal, bacteria | 96 | |
| 9989726025 | Abiotic Factor | a nonliving thing in an ecosystem; ex: water, rocks, earth | 97 | |
| 9989726027 | Limiting Factors | any factor that limits the size of a population by restricting its numbers, reproduction, or distribution | 98 | |
| 9989726028 | Carrying Capacity | the maximum population a habitat can sustain | 99 | |
| 9989726029 | Predation | a relationship between two species where one species hunts (predator) and eats the other species (prey) | 100 | |
| 9989726030 | Competition | a relationship between two species where they both require the same resource (food, water, shelter, space) and must compete for it | 101 | |
| 9989726031 | Parasitism | a relationship between two species where one species is helped and the other species is harmed |  | 102 |
| 9989726032 | Commensalism | a relationship between two species where one species is helped and the other species is not affected |  | 103 |
| 9989726033 | Mutualism | a relationship between two species where both species are helped |  | 104 |
| 9989726034 | Autotroph | an organism that can use photosynthesis to make its own food: "self-feeding" | 105 | |
| 9989726035 | Heterotroph | an organism that cannot use photosynthesis to make its own food and must eat other organisms to survive: "other-feeding" | 106 | |
| 9989726036 | Trophic Level | the position a species occupies in a food chain; ex. producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer |  | 107 |
| 9989726037 | Food Chain | a sequence of organisms that shows how energy is transferred from plants, to plant eaters, to meat eaters and so on | 108 | |
| 9989726038 | Food Web | a combination of several food chains within an ecosystem | 109 | |
| 9989726039 | Ecological Pyramid | a graphic representation of the amount of biomass present in each trophic level of a food chain; producers are always on the bottom, then primary consumers, then secondary consumers and so on | 110 | |
| 9989726040 | Microorganisms | living things that can only be seen with a microscope; ex. bacteria, protists | 111 | |
| 9989726042 | Resource Base | amount of total available food, water , shelter and space; toal amount of biotic and abiotic factors available for organims | 112 | |
| 9989726043 | Carbon Cycle | the cyclic movement of carbon atoms between living things (organic carbon) and their environment (inorganic carbon) |  | 113 |
| 9989726044 | Nitrogen Cycle | the cyclic movement of nitrogen atoms between living things (organic nitrogen) and their environment (inorganic nitrogen) |  | 114 |
| 9989726045 | Cell Wall | A structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. | 115 | |
| 9989726046 | Cell Membrane | A protective layer that covers the cell's surface and controls what moves in and out of the cell. |  | 116 |
| 9989726047 | Cytoplasm | The fluid, jelly-like substance that fills the cell. | 117 | |
| 9989726048 | Nucleus | A large organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's DNA/chromosomes/genetic material. | 118 | |
| 9989726049 | Chloroplast | Organelles in plant cells that trap sunlight; organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. |  | 119 |
| 9989726050 | Chromosome | Structures in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells made of DNA. | 120 | |
| 9989726051 | Ribosome | An organelle that makes proteins. | 121 | |
| 9989726052 | Lysosome | The organelle that digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. | 122 | |
| 9989726053 | Mitochondria | The organelles that that break down food/sugar to release energy. |  | 123 |
| 9989726054 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | The organelle that transports proteins around the cell. | 124 | |
| 9989726055 | Golgi Body | The organelle that packages proteins before they leave the cell. |  | 125 |
| 9989726056 | Vacuole | The organelle that stores water and other materials. | 126 | |
| 9989726057 | Nucleolus | The dark area of the nucleus which stores materials that will be used to make ribosomes. |  | 127 |
| 9989726080 | antiparallel | Having two strands that run parallel to each other, but one is upside down. | 128 | |
| 9989726086 | What are unborn pigs called? | Fetal Pigs | 129 | |
| 9989726087 | How is their age (length of gestation) determined? | By measuring the length of the pig | 130 | |
| 9989726058 | How long does full gestation take? | 17 weeks | 131 | |
| 9989726059 | anterior | forward | 132 | |
| 9989726060 | caudal | pertaining to the tail | 133 | |
| 9989726061 | dorsal | toward the backbone | 134 | |
| 9989726062 | ventral | toward the belly | 135 | |
| 9989726063 | lateral | toward the side | 136 | |
| 9989726064 | distal | farthest from the reference area | 137 | |
| 9989726065 | cranial | head area | 138 | |
| 9989726066 | cervical | neck area | 139 | |
| 9989726067 | thoracic | upper trunk | 140 | |
| 9989726068 | abdominal | middle trunk | 141 | |
| 9989726069 | Is a pig a biped or quadruped? Explain | quadruped; 4 legs | 142 | |
| 9989726070 | Are pigs herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores? Explain | omnivores; they eat everything | 143 | |
| 9989726071 | What is another name for the chest region of the pig? | thorax | 144 | |
| 9989726072 | What is another name for the "belly" region of the pig? | abdomen | 145 | |
| 9989726073 | Why is the fetal pig a good specimen to dissect? | it has similar anatomy to the human | 146 | |
| 9989726074 | What is the function of the umbilical cord? | to give fetal pig nourishment | 147 | |
| 9989726088 | What is the long, external fold of the ear? | Pinnae | 148 | |
| 9989726089 | fetal pig digestive system |  | 149 |
