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| 282906665 | Dollar Diplomacy | President Taft's policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad | |
| 282906666 | Open Door Policy | American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations | |
| 282906667 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruled that segregated public facilities were legal as long as the facilites were equal | |
| 282906668 | Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force | |
| 282906669 | League of Nations | An international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations. The U.S. did not participate, even though the idea originated with Pres. Wilson | |
| 282906670 | Susan B. Anthony | Key leader of woman suffrage movement | |
| 282906671 | 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery | |
| 282906672 | 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws | |
| 282906673 | 15th Amendment | Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude | |
| 282906674 | 16th Amendment | Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. | |
| 282906675 | 17th Amendment | Direct election of senators | |
| 282906676 | 18th Amendment | Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages | |
| 282906677 | 19th Amendment | Gave women the right to vote | |
| 282906678 | 21st Amendment | Repeal of prohibition | |
| 282906679 | muckrakers | This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. | |
| 282906680 | Unrestricted submarine warfare | A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters | |
| 282906681 | Fourteen Points | The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations | |
| 282906682 | Feb. 1, 1917 | Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, causing the US to enter WWI | |
| 282906683 | Treaty of Versailles | Created by the leaders of victorious allied nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapay war damages ($33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. | |
| 282906684 | Monopoly | (economics) a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller | |
| 282906685 | Trusts | Firms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (establishing a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies. Example: Standard Oil | |
| 282906686 | The Jungle | This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. | |
| 282906687 | Robber Barron | A wealthy person who built their own fortune using unethical business practices-Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt, JP Morgan. | |
| 282906688 | WEB Dubois | He believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately. He helped found the Niagara Movement in 1905 to fight for equal rights. He also helped found the NAACP. | |
| 282906689 | Thomas Edison | Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph and numerous other innovations | |
| 282906690 | Dawes Act | An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism. | |
| 282906691 | Labor Unions | Organizations of workers who, together, put pressure on the employers in an industry to improve working conditions and wages. | |
| 282906692 | Jim Crow | Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government | |
| 282906693 | Civil Service Commission | Government agency created by the Pendleton Act of 1883 to fill federal jobs on the basis of merit | |
| 282906694 | Shenck v. US | (1919) decided that speech that evokes "a clear and present danger" is not permissible (yelling fire in a crowded theatre), first amendment rights | |
| 282906695 | Red Scare | Most instense outbreak of national alarm, began in 1919. Attorney General A. MItchell Palmer led effort to deport aliens without due process, with widespread support. | |
| 282906696 | Sacco and Vanzetti | Two Italian-born anarchists, unfairly tried and convicted for the armed robbery and murder of two pay-clerks in Massachusetts in 1920 | |
| 282906697 | Harlem Renaissance | A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished | |
| 282906698 | Henry Ford | United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production and the assembly line (1863-1947) | |
| 282906699 | Mass Production | The production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line | |
| 282906700 | Isolationism | A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs | |
| 282906701 | Charles Lindbergh | United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) | |
| 282906702 | Marcus Garvey | African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927. | |
| 282906703 | Bessemer Process | A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply. Patented by Henry Bessemer and made mass production possible and created a new age of buildings. | |
| 282906704 | Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. | |
| 282906705 | Federal Reserve Act | This act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal Reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today. | |
| 282906706 | Political Machines | Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party. | |
| 282906707 | Declaration of Independence | The document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain | |
| 282906708 | Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution | |
| 282906709 | Seperation of Powers | Powers of government separated in three areas: Legislative, Executive, & Judicial. to keep any one person or group from gaining too much power. | |
| 282906710 | Executive Branch | The branch of government, headed by the president, that carries out the nation's laws and policies | |
| 282906711 | Legislative Branch | The branch of government that makes the laws. | |
| 282906712 | Judicial Branch | The branch of government that interprets laws | |
| 282906713 | Unalienable Rights | Rights that cannot be taken away ... natural rights | |
| 282906714 | Federalists | Supporters of the Constitution who were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution. | |
| 282906715 | 1776 | On July 4 of this year, 56 representatives from the thirteen colonies unanimously approved the Declaration of Independence. | |
| 282906716 | Prohibition | The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment | |
| 282906717 | Spanish American War | War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. | |
| 282906718 | WW I | Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism (causes) | |
| 282906719 | Immigration | Immigrants often lived in tenement houses, and people were suspicious of them. Their willingness to work for lower wages affected the bargaining powers of unions. | |
| 282906720 | Populism | The movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for legislation in their interest. | |
| 282906721 | Industrialization | Process of industrial development in which countries evolve economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods. At the highest levels of development, national economies are geared mainly toward the delivery of services and exchange of information. | |
| 282906722 | Imperialism | A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically. | |
| 282906723 | Progressivism | The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution. | |
| 282906724 | Impact of Railroads | Helped America spread from east to west; provided transportation; caused culture clash between settlers and native Americans; helped companies ship items, but farmers could not afford the high shipping prices | |
| 282906725 | Conservation - Roosevelt | Movements enacted by Roosevelt preserved some wilderness areas and others developed for the common good. National Reclamation Act of 1902 funded large-scale irrigation projects. Controlled use and protection of natural resources was supported by many progressives and T. Roosevelt Roosevelt established the US Forest Service as well as set up national parks. | |
| 282965556 | Reason for Chinese immigration | Railroad jobs | |
| 282965557 | Primary Sources | Original documents, including letters, diaries, and novels. Remember: primary sources are first hand accounts and secondary sources were written later | |
| 282968700 | Panama Canal | Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North America. The United States turned the canal over to Panama on Jan 1, 2000 (746) | |
| 282968701 | Standard Oil Company | John D. Rockefeller's comapny, formed in 1870, which came to symbolize the trusts and monopolies of the Gilded age. By 1877 it controlled 95% of the oil refineries in the U.S. It was also one of the first multinational coroporations, and at times distributed more than half of the company's kerosene production outside the U.S. By the turn of the century it had become a target for trus-busting reformers, and in 1911 the Supreme Court ordered it to break up into several dozen smaller companies |
