Terms : Hide Images
| 297674947 | Lucy | the first discovered australopithecus (skeleton) | 0 | |
| 297674948 | prehistory | the time during the development of human culture before the appearance of the written word | 1 | |
| 297674949 | Homo Erectus | "first upright man" - more intelligent and adaptable than homo habilis, skillful hunters, invented more sophsticated tools for digging, scapring, and cutting. first hominids to migrate, first to use fire, first to provide warmth, cook, and frighten away attacking animals. developed the beginning of spoken language, named objects, places, animals, and plant and exchanged ideas | 2 | |
| 297674950 | Homo Sapiens | the biological species to which modern human beings belong | 3 | |
| 297674951 | Paleolithic Age | second part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC, where the invention of tools, fire, and language took place. | 4 | |
| 297674952 | Neolithic Age | latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the middle east (but later elsewhere), people who lived during this period learned to grow crops, and raise animals. This caused people to begin to settle pemanently in one area and also food surpluses, which in turn encouraged specialization, knowledge, trading, and organized government. | 5 | |
| 297674953 | Agricultural Revolution | a misnomer, this period can also be called the Neolithic Age. Better described as a "transition" because the changes that occured in the time period were not rapid nor all at once. | 6 | |
| 297674954 | Government | originally created to settle disputes, such as ones caused by the acquisition of private property/wealth | 7 | |
| 297782841 | Jomon | the earliest known Neolithic inhabitants of Japan, named for the cord pattern of their pottery. also fished and lived in pit houses | 8 | |
| 297782842 | Jericho | early walled urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern Israel-occupied West Bank near Jordan River. | 9 | |
| 297782843 | Catal Huyuk | One of first true cities in history, created in the Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC, from which were created agriculture, trading, temples, housing, and religions; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification. homes were madeof mud brick | 10 | |
| 297782844 | characteristics of a civilization | Category- ____________(?) __(of) _(a) ________(?): permanent settlements, advanced/permanent cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, advanced technology, social classes, have a form of writing | 11 | |
| 297869165 | Mesopotamia | literally "between the rivers"; civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain in the Tigris-Euphrates River Valleys; familiar with bronze and copper, wheel for transportation, pottery, art, and farming; home of the world's first civilization. Civilizations in this area were mostly pessimistic in the area of religion. Was invaded often due to a lack of natural barriers. | 12 | |
| 297782845 | Sumerians | The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions(polythiesm). The civ. was decentralized and were mostly traders. | 13 | |
| 297782846 | Akkadians | this civilization included Semitic people living north of Sumeria; united city-states of Mesopotamia (more centralized); first empire in history; established by Sargon the Great, who controlled taxation and trade | 14 | |
| 297782847 | Babylonians | they extended their own empire and therefore helped bring civilization to the Middle East; Hammurabi introduced his code of law; it established rules of procedure for courts of law and regulated property rights and the duties of family members, setting harsh punishments for crimes (lex talionis). Had centralized bureaucratic rule | 15 | |
| 297782848 | Hittites | People who were among the first to master ironworking, meaning they could make the strongest weapons of the time. They also used the chariot, a wheeled, horse-drawn cart used in battle which allowed soldiers to move quickly around a battlefield and fire arrows at their enemy. | 16 | |
| 297782849 | Assyrians | participated in warfare and trade in the region of Mesopotamia. Established an independent state around 1900 BCE., known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire | 17 | |
| 297782850 | Neo Babylonians | under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar, constructed hanging gardens,and created systems for measuring 60, a calendar, astronomy | 18 | |
| 297782851 | Phoenicians | best known for manufacturing and trade; set up colonies in North Africa, Sicily, and Spain; used papyrus; made Tyrian purple dye | 19 | |
| 297782853 | Hebrews | the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac; settled in Palestine(ruled by King David and then King Solomon) after being released from slavery; monothiestic religion; had the written works of the Torah and the 10 Commandments | 20 | |
| 297869166 | Bantu Migration | the movement of the bantu peoples southward throghout africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000; possibly caused by astrain on local resources | 21 | |
| 297869167 | Indo-European Migration | group of seminomadic people who began to migrate from what is now southern Russia to the Indian subcontinent, Europe, & Southwest Asia; Aryan (I.E.'s) and Dravidian conflicts in South Asia(India) | 22 | |
| 297869168 | Egypt | an ancient empire west of Israel; highly centralized; "Gift of the Nile" (flows north);polythiestic despite the monaltristic worship of Aten by Akenaton, strong belief in afterlife; high degree of slaveryhad scribes and knowledge of math/astronomy;not invaded often because of natural barriers | 23 | |
| 297869169 | Old Kingdom | 2649 BC - 2150 BC. Upper and Lower Egypt kept separate kingdoms, but later built unified government (King Menes) Developed basic features of its civilization. built the pyramids: an eternal resting place for their god-kings (the time that the pharoahs had the most power); theocracy | 24 | |
| 297869170 | Middle Kingdom | 2030 BC-1640 BC. Pharoahs didn't have as much power; rise of priestly class; increased trade with Nubia, N. Africa, Middle East | 25 | |
| 297869171 | 2nd Intermediate Period | hyksos invaded with their horses, chariots, and bronze weapons | 26 | |
| 297869172 | New Kingdom | 1550 BC-1070 BC. Overthrew Hyksos and extended Egypt to the 5th cataract to the south and Palestine to the north | 27 | |
| 297869173 | Egyptian forms of writing | Hieroglyphics-"sacred script" ; pictograms. Hieratic/Demotic-writing for documents | 28 | |
| 297869174 | Dynastic Cycle | the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties | 29 | |
| 297869175 | Xia Dynasty | Early chinese dynasty that is known mainly from legend. Founded by legendary King Yu, a hero of flood control, along the Huang He River. Centralized, set precedent for monarchial rule, communicated with spirits (?), could read and write, had wheeled vehicles, ships, armor, pottery, silk, and bronze weapons. | 30 | |
| 297869176 | Shang Dynasty | 2nd Chinese Dynasty- not completely centralized, had a powerful military, authority rested on a network of small walled towns (local rulers recognized Shang authority), bronze metallurgy, oracle bones, pictographs and phoenetics, ancestor veneration (lack of priestly class), ethnocentricsm/nationalism | 31 | |
| 297869177 | Zhou Dynasty | overthrew Shang and established the Mandate of Heaven principle; had books, iron metallurgy, and a somewhat centralized gov't that turned into a feudal one. | 32 | |
| 297869178 | Harappan Society | had 35,000 people, was well- planned (with public wells, a drainage system, and garbage chutes), had a government based on religion, and traded many agricultural goods; gov't was decentralized and the two city-states of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa dominated the region; practiced polythiesm, had fertility cults; written language is indecipherable;traded with Sumeria; gold/copper/bronze metallurgy; plumbing systems; standardized bricks | 33 | |
| 297869179 | varna | "color" Aryans had "wheat colored" skin, while the Dravidians (natives of South Asia/Northern India) had darker skin | 34 | |
| 297869180 | Vedas | sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests | 35 | |
| 297869181 | Vedic Age | A period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth | 36 | |
| 297869182 | caste | (Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus | 37 |
