Pre-Ap 9th grade level
Terms : Hide Images
| 91430887 | urban society | system in which cities are the central of political, economical and social life | |
| 91430888 | secular | means "worldly" | |
| 91430889 | mercenaries | soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder | |
| 91430890 | dowry | sum of money given by the wife's family to the husand upon marriage | |
| 91430891 | predestination | the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned | |
| 91430892 | fresco | painting done with water-based paints on fresh, wet plaster | |
| 91430893 | Christian humanism | movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church | |
| 91430894 | indulgence | release from all or part of the punishment for sin | |
| 91430895 | annul | declare invalid | |
| 91430896 | Edict of Worms | made Martin Luther an outlaw within the German empire | |
| 91430897 | Charles V | Holy Roman emperor, also Charles I, king of Spain | |
| 91430898 | Peace of Augsburg | agreement formally accepted the division of Christianity in Gerrmany | |
| 91430899 | Ulrich Zwingli | was a priest in Zurich; he reformed religion in Zurich; removed all paintings and decorations from the churchs | |
| 91430900 | Act of Supremacy of 1534 | declared that the king was "taken, accepted, and reputed the only supreme head on earth of the [new] Church of England" | |
| 91430901 | conquistador | Spanish conquerors of the Americas | |
| 91430902 | colony | settlement ofv people living in a new territory, linked with the parent colony by trade and direct government control | |
| 91430903 | mercantilism | difference in value between what a nationn imports and what it exports over time | |
| 91430904 | Christopher Columbus | explorer who believed he could reach Asia by sailing West instead of East around Africa | |
| 91430905 | Columbian Exchange | extensive exchange of plants and animals between the Old and New Worlds | |
| 91430906 | triangular trade | marked the emergence of a new world ecconomy | |
| 91430907 | Middle Passage | middle portion of the triangular trade route | |
| 91430908 | moluccas | the chief source of spices that had orginally attracted the Portuguese to the Indian Ocean; aka the Spice Islands | |
| 91430909 | Khmer | successor of the old Angor Kingdom | |
| 91430910 | mainland states | part of continent, as distinguished from a peninsula or offshore islands | |
| 91430911 | bureacracy | a body of nonelective government officials | |
| 91430912 | line of demarcation | imaginary line that divided Spain's and Portugal's spheres of influence | |
| 91430913 | John Cabot | venetian seaman | |
| 91430914 | Amerigo Vespucci | Florentine that went along on several voyages and wrote letters that described what he saw; these letters led the use of the name America | |
| 91430915 | commerical revolution | development of colonies and trading pots, Europeans entered an age of increased international trade | |
| 91430916 | commerical capitalism | economic system in which people invest in trade or goods to make profits | |
| 91430917 | Castiglione | wrote the book, The Book of the Courtier | |
| 91430918 | Petrarch | known as the father of Italian Renaissance; began Humanist emphasis on using pure classical Latin | |
| 91430919 | Brunelleschi | architect; inspired by the buildings of classical Rome to create new architecture in Florence | |
| 91430920 | Fuedilistic Society | 1. king, 2. church. 3. nobility(2-3% of pop.), 4. Peasants(85-90% of pop.) | |
| 91430921 | Catholicism | Through Pope Paul's work, the Church was transformed into the Catholic Church; the council reaffirmed the belief that all people were born sinful; importance of priests and nuns working amoung common people | |
| 91430922 | Italian Wars | Spain and France fought over land; it lasted 30 years | |
| 91430923 | Anabaptism | people who wanted a seperation of church and state; baptised adults, not infants; believed in salvation and rebirth before baptism | |
| 91430924 | Portugal and Spain | 1st two countries to begin to expand into the rest of the world | |
| 91430925 | God, Glory, Gold | chief motives for European explorers | |
| 91430926 | Lutheranism | started by Martin Luther; was the 1st protestant Faith; preaching based on the word of God; Bible became the only source of religious truth | |
| 91430927 | Calvinism | was started by John Calvin; Everyone's salvation was already decided; believed the Bible taught them all the ruls and that the Bible's rules should be Laws of Government | |
| 91430928 | Renaissance | means "re-birth"; re-birthof Ancient Greece and Rome | |
| 91430929 | Italian Renaissance | when people looked within for truth instead of to the Catholic Church | |
| 91430930 | Medici | dominaed the city of Florence when it was the cultural center of Italy | |
| 91430931 | Dante | wrote the Divine Comedy | |
| 91430932 | Donatello | sculptor; studied statues of the Greeks and Romans | |
| 91430933 | Luther | monk and professor at the University of Wittenburg, Germany; wrote the 95 Thesus Statement | |
| 91430934 | King Henry VIII | broke away from the Catholic Church for political reasons; started the church of England and eventually the Anglican Church | |
| 91430935 | Loyola | Spanish nobleman that founded the society of Jesus(aka the Jesuits); swore an oath to the pope for absolute obediance | |
| 91430936 | Martin Luther | Who translated the Bible to German so that everyone(who spoke German) would know what it said(the truth, not whats the priests were saying it said)? | |
| 91430937 | Savonarola | wanted to get rid of the Medici family, spoke out about the Church and coruption; he was labled a heritic and burned at the stake | |
| 91430938 | Raphael | painter; admired for his paintings of the Madonna(Virgin Mary); known for his fresco in the Vatican Palace | |
| 91430939 | Calvin | converted from Catholic to Protestantism and fled to Switzerland; published Institues of the Christian Religion(book); leader of Pretestantism | |
| 91430940 | da Vinci | painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician; mastered the art of realistic painting | |
| 91430941 | Machiavelli | wrote the book The Price(this book was an influencial book about political power in the western world) | |
| 91430942 | Anglicanism | King Henry VIII and the Act of Supremacy of 1534; remained close to the Catholic teachings; monasteries were sold to wealthy land owners and merchants | |
| 91430943 | Michelanglo | painter, sculptor, and architect; painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel | |
| 91430944 | Erasmus | best known Christian humanist; called his view of religion "the philosophy of Christ" | |
| 91430945 | Marco Polo | Who's book, The Travels, motivated and increased the curiosity for even Columbus? | |
| 91430946 | Vasco de Gama | Who was the first explorer to reach India and return with a vast amount of spices? | |
| 91430947 | balance of trade | What is the term for the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time? | |
| 91430948 | are greater value than those imported | When the balance is favorable, the goods exported are...? | |
| 91430949 | sugar cane | What crop caused such a dramatic change in the slave trade? | |
| 91430950 | plantations | What is the term for large a agricultural estates | |
| 91430951 | The demand of slaves was higher because of the growth of plantations. Plantations were becoming larger and they needed more "workers" (slaves) | What was the primary cause for the dramatic increase in the number of slaves being brought to the Americas? | |
| 91430952 | the Dutch | Who was responsible for pushing the Portuguese out of the Spice Trade | |
| 91430953 | Because they were determinedd to gain control of the sources of the spices | Why did the Europeans take sides on local politics? | |
| 91430954 | China | In what country were guns and gunpowder invented? | |
| 91430955 | Vietnam | What country was divided in civil war? | |
| 91430956 | South Africa and Mozambique | In what 2 African countries would one find permanent European presence? | |
| 91430957 | Age of Transition | With the development of colonies and trading posts, Europeans enterd an age of increased international trade known as...? | |
| 91430958 | Fransico Pizarro | Which explorer took control of the Incan Empire in the Andes? | |
| 91430959 | John Cabot | Who was the Venetian seaman that explored the New England coastline for the Americas for England? | |
| 91430960 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Under which prince's sponsorship, did the Portuguese began to explore the coast of Africa? | |
| 91430961 | guns and seamanship | What were the 2 factors that allowed the Portuguese to be so successful? |
