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| 184433641 | Pre-history | The time period before things were recorded. | 0 | |
| 184433642 | Civilization | Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites , as well as merchant and manufacturing groups. | 1 | |
| 184433643 | Mandate of Heaven | The divine source for political legitimacy of Chinese rulers; established by Zhou to justify overthrow of Shang. | 2 | |
| 184433644 | Caste System | Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras and Untouchables(sub-caste) | 3 | |
| 184433645 | Karma | The sum of merits accumulated by a soul at any given point in time; determined the caste to which the soul would be assigned in the next life. | 4 | |
| 184433646 | Guru | Brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court. | 5 | |
| 184433647 | nirvana | The Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility. | 6 | |
| 184433648 | Brahma | Hindu God of Creation | 7 | |
| 184433649 | Reincarnation | The successive attachment of the soul to some animate form according to merits earned in previous lives. | 8 | |
| 184433650 | Democracy | When the people rule the government. Formed in Athens. | 9 | |
| 184433651 | Republic | The balanced constitution of Rome from c. 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies. | 10 | |
| 184433652 | Christianity | A monotheistic religion that thinks Jesus Christ is the Savior. It offered a positive afterlife. | 11 | |
| 184433653 | Islam | A monotheistic religion that thinks Muhammad is the Savior. Has a positive afterlife. | 12 | |
| 184433654 | dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus. | 13 | |
| 184433655 | Mawali | Non-arab converts to Islam. | 14 | |
| 184433656 | Crusades | Series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy. | 15 | |
| 184433657 | Icons | Images of religious figures that became objects of veneration within Christianity of the Byzantine Empire; particularly prevalent in Eastern monasticism. | 16 | |
| 184433658 | Schism | It is when the church split into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. | 17 | |
| 184433659 | Feudalism | The social organization created by exchanging grants of land or fiefs in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises; of loyal service; typical of Zhou dynasty and European Middle Ages; greater lords provided protection and aid to lesser lords in return for military service. | 18 | |
| 184433660 | Manorialism | System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasants laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land. | 19 | |
| 184433661 | Monasticism | Started by Benedict of Nursia. Means living in a monastery. | 20 | |
| 184433662 | Hellenism | Greek Influence. | 21 | |
| 184433663 | Renaissance | Cultural and political movement in western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages. | 22 | |
| 184433664 | Humanism | Focus on humankind as center of the intellectual and artistic endeavor; method of study that emphasized the superiority of classical forms over medieval styles, in particular the study of ancient languages. | 23 | |
| 184433665 | quipu | System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information of censuses and financial records. | 24 | |
| 184433666 | tambos | way stations used by the Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for incas armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messengers. | 25 | |
| 184433667 | Avignon Papacy | A time when the pope was in Avignon, France instead of Rome. | 26 | |
| 184433668 | Samurai | mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders(bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor. | 27 | |
| 184433669 | Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai. | 28 | |
| 184433670 | Bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. | 29 | |
| 184433671 | pure land Buddhism | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses. | 30 | |
| 184433672 | Dutch/ British East Indies | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 31 | |
| 184433673 | Mercantilism | Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues | 32 | |
| 184433674 | Columbian exchange | Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in the New World; people of Europe and Africa came to the new world.; animals, plants, and diseases of two hemispheres were transferred. | 33 | |
| 184433675 | khagan | Title of the supreme ruler of the the Mongol tribes. | 34 | |
| 184433676 | tumen | basic fighting units of the Mongol forces ; consisted of 10000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into unites 1000, 100, and 10. | 35 | |
| 184433677 | kuriltai | Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected. | 36 | |
| 184433678 | The Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society. | 37 | |
| 184433679 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control. | 38 | |
| 184433680 | Chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs. | 39 | |
| 184433681 | scholasticism | Dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems. | 40 |
