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| 8437896703 | hunting and gathering | a hunter gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species. |  | 0 |
| 8438009080 | nomadic lifestyle | a nomad is someone who lives by traveling from place to place. Nomadic thus means anything that involves moving around a lot. Nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes follow the animals they hunt, carrying tents with them. You don't have to be a nomad to live a nomadic lifestyle. | 1 | |
| 8438056059 | agricultural revolution | the wide scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering and settlement, making possible an increasingly larger population. | 2 | |
| 8438092306 | irrigation | major changes were introduced by agriculture, affecting the way human society was organized and how it used the earth, including forest clearance, root crops, and cereal cultivation that can be stored for long periods of time, along with the development of new technologies. | 3 | |
| 8438144216 | job specialization | as agricultural productivity increased, fewer people were needed to work in the fields producing food. | 4 | |
| 8438167535 | sedentary lifestyle | fewer homo sapiens on earth lived in small, nomadic communities and transitioned to a sedentary lifestyle. | 5 | |
| 8438210672 | decentralization | the transfer of authority from central to local government. | 6 | |
| 8438218282 | city-states | a city state is a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories. | 7 | |
| 8438257962 | Hammurabi's code | it is a well preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC. It is one of the oldest disciplined writings of significant length in the world. | 8 | |
| 8438305062 | cuneifrom | cuneiform script, one of the earliest systems of writing, was invented by the Sumerians. It is distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. | 9 | |
| 8438379986 | polytheism | the belief in our worship of more than one god. | 10 | |
| 8438414775 | patriarchy | a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line. Woman are largely excluded from it. | 11 | |
| 8438468890 | artisans | a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand. | 12 | |
| 8438497772 | Hierooglyphics | enigmatic or incomprehensible symbols or writing. | 13 | |
| 8447207231 | pharaoh | Pharaoh is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire in 30 BCE. | 14 | |
| 8448148005 | pyramids | The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt. | 15 | |
| 8448170675 | Mandate of Heaven | The Zhou created the Mandate of Heaven: the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods. | 16 | |
| 8448197724 | Oracle Bones | are pieces of ox scapula or turtle plastron, which were used for pyromancy - a form of divination - in ancient China, mainly during the late Shang dynasty. | 17 | |
| 8448234143 | ancestor worship | the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living. | 18 | |
| 8448459116 | Similarities of river valley civilizations | Afro-Eurasian Civilizations. There are four settled societies that each developed agriculture independently along major rivers that are traditionally considered the early river valley civilizations. | 19 | |
| 8448541709 | iron metallurgy | the technique or science of working or heating metals so as to give them certain desired shapes or properties. | 20 | |
| 8448564116 | chiefdoms | A chiefdom is a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. | 21 | |
| 8448604556 | calvary | The name is Latin for "Place of the Skull". | 22 | |
| 8448657700 | centralized government organization | is the government of a nation-state and is a characteristic of a unitary state. Basically, the central government has the power to make laws for the whole country, in contrast with local governments. | 23 | |
| 8448707932 | expansion | the action of becoming larger or more extensive. | 24 | |
| 8448729970 | satraps | a provincial governor in the ancient Persian empire. | 25 | |
| 8448772865 | bureaucracy | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. | 26 | |
| 8448790898 | Qanat system | Qanat is an ancient system of underground tunnels that supply mountain water to dry lower places in the Middle East. | 27 | |
| 8449272669 | standardized coins | a money system in which the value of the coins produced is the same as the value of the metal with which they are made. | 28 | |
| 8449499796 | zoroastriansim | a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC. | 29 | |
| 8449507531 | polis | A city-state in ancient Greece. | 30 | |
| 8449530087 | sparta | a Greek city-state known for its strength and trained warriors | 31 | |
| 8449556726 | helots | Spartan word for their slaves, who were the conquered Messenians' | 32 | |
| 8449603881 | athens | a city-state in ancient Greece; the capital of modern-day Greece and the birthplace of direct democracy. | 33 | |
| 8449710515 | direct democarcy | system of government in which citizens gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters. Citizen take directly part in government | 34 | |
| 8449780609 | Greek humanism | system of thought and action that elevates human beings to the center of existence | 35 | |
| 8450622209 | Greek philosophers | they want to know the meaning of life. | 36 | |
| 8450659474 | Persian war | A series of wars between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire (5th century B.C.). | 37 | |
| 8450693477 | Peloponnesian Wars | a war fought between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC, ending in a victory for Sparta | 38 | |
| 8450720448 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia and built the largest empire. | 39 | |
| 8450750660 | spread of the Greek culture | The conquests of Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture throughout much of Europe and Asia. The Greek culture mixed with other cultures, forming a new type of civilization which is today referred to as Hellenistic. | 40 | |
| 8450816504 | representative democracy | Representative democracy is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy. | 41 | |
| 8450981088 | twelve tables | Rome's first code of laws; adopted in 450 B.C. | 42 | |
| 8450989084 | Julius Caesar | Gaius Julius Caesar, usually called Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. | 43 | |
| 8451057783 | Augustus Caesar | Name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome. | 44 | |
| 8451079250 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 45 | |
| 8451105829 | Plantations and exports | is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops. plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export. | 46 | |
| 8451161492 | paterfamilias | the male head of a family or household. | 47 | |
| 8452112525 | bread and circuses | a diet of entertainment or political policies on which the masses are fed to keep them happy and docile. | 48 | |
| 8452437533 | decline of the roman empire | The collapse of the Roman Empire in the fifth century. Two of the main events of the Fall of Rome were the plundering of the city of Rome by an invading tribe, the Vandals, in the middle years of the century and the abdication of the last Roman emperor. | 49 | |
| 8452449797 | warring states period | The Warring States Period (475-221 BC) was an era of division in ancient China. various states were at war before the Qin state conquered them all, and China was reunited under the Qin Dynasty. | 50 | |
| 8452543242 | legalism | a Chinese philosophy that stressed the importance of laws | 51 | |
| 8452567299 | confucianism | a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius. | 52 | |
| 8452585693 | daoism | a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu ( fl. 6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety. | 53 | |
| 8452601566 | great wall of china | boundary built in the northern part of china to keep invaders from attacking | 54 | |
| 8452642292 | decline of Qin dynasty | Upon the First Emperor's death, China plunged into civil war, exacerbated by floods and droughts. | 55 | |
| 8452682924 | Han dynasty | the dynasty that ruled China from about 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E., the period following the Qin dynasty | 56 | |
| 8452702336 | imperial university | was the second imperial dynasty of China | 57 | |
| 8452745569 | silk textiles | Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. | 58 | |
| 8452774820 | silk roads | Ancient trade routes that extended from the Roman empire in the west to China in the east. | 59 | |
| 8452800985 | yellow turban rebellion | A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 BCE and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty | 60 | |
| 8452849229 | decline of the Han china | The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi, pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favour. | 61 | |
| 8452906706 | caste system | A caste system is a class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too. | 62 | |
| 8452944086 | Changragupta Maurya | Founded the Mauryan Empire., Founder of the first great Indian empire | 63 | |
| 8452955607 | Ashoka Maurya | Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE. | 64 | |
| 8453005726 | trade goods | the goods that are being trading between people. | 65 | |
| 8453047473 | Indian ocean trade routes | The city-states traded with inland kingdoms like Great Zimbabwe to obtain gold, ivory, and iron. | 66 | |
| 8453268845 | decline of the Mauryan Empire | The decline of the Maurya Dynasty was rather rapid after the death of Ashoka/Asoka. One obvious reason for it was the succession of weak kings. Another immediate cause was the partition of the Empire into two. | 67 | |
| 8453422452 | Chandra Gupta | the founder and ruler of the Gupta Empire, he led to the golden age of India | 68 | |
| 8453492392 | political organization of the Gupta empire | was one of the largest political and military empires in world history. | 69 | |
| 8453518271 | mathematical advancements | The number system was developed by a mathematician and astronomer named Aryabhatta in 498 CE. This system became known as the Arabic numerals, but it is really a Gupta accomplishment. | 70 | |
| 8453630713 | scientific advancements | These numerals paved the way for scientific discoveries during the Gupta Empire as well as today. | 71 |
