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| 5397443516 | Middle Ages | The era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500 | 0 | |
| 5397466228 | Franks | A Germanic people who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (France) and established a great empire during the Middle Ages. | 1 | |
| 5397474703 | Monastery | A religious community of men (monks) who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship. | 2 | |
| 5397488173 | Secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters | 3 | |
| 5397502256 | Carolingian Dynasty | A dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from 751 to 987. | 4 | |
| 5397511952 | Charlemagne | Pepin the Short's successor. Tried to unite Europe, like Rome. | 5 | |
| 5397549922 | Lord | In feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals. | 6 | |
| 5397554407 | Fief | an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe | 7 | |
| 5397560866 | Vassal | in feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services | 8 | |
| 5397568042 | Knight | in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback | 9 | |
| 5397581241 | Serf | a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate | 10 | |
| 5397585443 | Manor | a lord's estate in feudal Europe | 11 | |
| 5397588357 | Tithe | a family's payment of one-tenth of ts income to a church | 12 | |
| 5397597715 | Chivalry | a code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion | 13 | |
| 5397609055 | Tournament | a mock battle between groups of knights | 14 | |
| 5397613538 | Troubadour | a medieval poet and musician who traveled from place to place, enetertainign people with songs of courtly love | 15 | |
| 5397626180 | Clergy | a body of officials who perform religious services- such as priests, ministers, or rabbis | 16 | |
| 5397633576 | Sacrament | one of the Christians ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people | 17 | |
| 5397639097 | Canon Law | the body of laws governing the religious practices of a christian church | 18 | |
| 5397645365 | Holy Roman Empire | an empire established in Europe in the 10th century, originally consisting of mainly of lands what is now Germany and Italy | 19 | |
| 5397660265 | Lay Investiture | the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles | 20 | |
| 5397666695 | Simony | the selling or buying of a position in a Christian Church | 21 | |
| 5397672014 | Gothic | relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires | 22 | |
| 5397685345 | Urban II | He is best known for initiating the First Crusade (1096-99) and setting up the modern-day Roman Curia in the manner of a royal ecclesiastical court to help run the Church. Pope Urban II was a native of France. He was a descendant of a noble family in Châtillon-sur-Marne. | 23 | |
| 5397702404 | Crusade | one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land (Israel) from the Muslims | 24 | |
| 5397719566 | Richard the Lion-Hearted | Richard I was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. | 25 | |
| 5397730799 | Saladin | An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, known as Saladin, was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. | 26 | |
| 5397734377 | Reconquista | the effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100's to 1492. | 27 | |
| 5397746295 | Inquisition | a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy- especially the one active in Spain during the 1400's. | 28 | |
| 5414665397 | Three-Field System | a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted | 29 | |
| 5414675945 | Guild | a medieval association of people working the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices | 30 | |
| 5414679969 | Commercial Revolution | the expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries | 31 | |
| 5414687342 | Burgher | a medieval merchant-class town dweller | 32 | |
| 5414690360 | Vernacular | the everyday language of people in a region or country | 33 | |
| 5414694127 | Thomas Aquinas | (1225—1274) Saint Thomas Aquinas was a Catholic Priest in the Dominican Order and one of the most important Medieval philosophers and theologians. He was immensely influenced by scholasticism and Aristotle and known for his synthesis of the two aforementioned traditions. | 34 | |
| 5414698871 | Scholastics | scholars who gathered and taught at medieval European universities | 35 | |
| 5414703124 | William the Conqueror | At the age of 8, William the Conqueror became duke of Normandy and later King of England. Violence plagued his early reign, but with the help of King Henry I of France, William managed to survive the early years. After the Battle of Hastings, in 1066, he was crowned king of England. | 36 | |
| 5414707744 | Henry II | Henry II, byname Henry of Anjou, Henry Plantagenet, Henry FitzEmpress, or Henry Curtmantle (Short Mantle) (born 1133, Le Mans, Maine [now in France]—died July 6, 1189, near Tours) duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154), who greatly ... | 37 | |
| 5414709725 | Common Law | a unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries today, including the United States | 38 | |
| 5414720008 | Magna Carta | "Great Charter"- a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in 1215 | 39 | |
| 5414725382 | Parliament | a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation | 40 | |
| 5414732824 | Philip II | King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. His reign as Spain's king began the Golden Age, a period of great cultural growth in literature, music and the visual arts. He was also the King of England through his marriage to Mary Tudor for four years. | 41 | |
| 5414738840 | Estates-General | an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France | 42 | |
| 5414741671 | Great Schism | a division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which rival Popes were established in Avignon and in Rome | 43 | |
| 5414747561 | John Wycliffe | (born c. 1330, Yorkshire, England—died December 31, 1384, Lutterworth, Leicestershire) English theologian, philosopher, church reformer, and promoter of the first complete translation of the Bible into English. | 44 | |
| 5414749832 | Jan Hus | Bohemian religious reformer. He studied and later taught at Prague, where he was ordained priest. Influenced by the writings of John Wycliffe, Hus was excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII in 1411. In De Ecclesia (1412), Hus outlined his case for reform of the Church. | 45 | |
| 5414753061 | Black Death | a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people. | 46 | |
| 5414758525 | Hundred Year's War | a conflict in which England and France battled on French soil on and off from 1337 to 1453 | 47 | |
| 5414764042 | Joan of Arc | Joan of Arc, nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans", is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. | 48 |
