The Renaissance Page 313-344
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| 4860449965 | Humanism | intellectual teachings, the spirit of learning; revived interest in Roman and Greek thought and turned away from medieval scholasticism | 0 | |
| 4860449967 | Italian Renaissance | Rebirth, after the Middle Ages, between 1350 and 1550; brought back classical culture and secularism and emphasized liberal arts and humanism | 1 | |
| 4860996431 | Northern Humanism | Committed to Scripture and writings of the early Church fathers along with classic Greek and Roman writings | 2 | |
| 4861020539 | Erasmus | Leader of Northern humanists who wrote In Praise of Folly, Handbook of the Christian Knight, and The Philosophy of Christ | 3 | |
| 4861036549 | Sir Thomas More | Wrote Utopia; was executed because he opposed Henry VIII's plan to split from the Catholic Church | 4 | |
| 4861044333 | William Shakespeare | Greatest of the English Renaissance writers: wrote comedies, tragedies, histories, and sonnets | 5 | |
| 4860449968 | Medici Family | Banking family in Florence; patrons of the arts | 6 | |
| 4860449969 | Castiglione's Book of The Courtier | Published in 1528, expressed ideals expected of aristocrats, and basic attributes of a perfect courtier | 7 | |
| 4860449971 | Sforza Family | Ruling family of Milan; one of the patrons of DaVinci | 8 | |
| 4860449973 | The Papal States | lay in central Italy, mostly under the control of the popes but individual cities were enabled to be independent. Renaissance popes focused on their control over these states. | 9 | |
| 4860449976 | Niccolo Machiavelli | entered Florence four years after Medici were expelled, made numerous diplomatic missions; exiled from Florence when Medici came back to city because Spanish victory in 1512, wrote "The Prince" | 10 | |
| 4860449977 | individualism | One of the characteristics of Italian Renaissance; focus shifted to individuals instead of the Church | 11 | |
| 4860449978 | secularism | worldly matter, not religious; one of the characteristics of Italian Renaissance | 12 | |
| 4860449980 | Civic Humanism | humanist movement took new direction as it became tied to Florentine civic spirit and pride; humanists gave up leading a life of solitude for a life of service | 13 | |
| 4860449981 | Petrarch | Italian poet, has been called the father of Italian Renaissance humanism, important figure in rediscovery of Greek and Latin literature | 14 | |
| 4860449982 | Machiavelli's The Prince | A book about politics, a prince's attitude toward power must be based on an understanding of self centered human natures | 15 | |
| 4860449983 | Leonardo Bruni | A classical Roman statesman and intellectual who became intellectual's model during the Civic Humanism movement; served as the inspiration for the Renaissance ideal that an intellectual should live an active life for his state | 16 | |
| 4860449984 | Lorenzo Valla | Analyzed Greek and Latin texts to show how the historical study of language could discredit old assumptions and show that some old texts were forgeries. | 17 | |
| 4860813340 | Anachronism | An act of attributing a custom, event, or object to a period to which it does not belong | 18 | |
| 4860823864 | Polymath | A person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas | 19 | |
| 4860449985 | Marcilio Ficino | Dedicated his life to the translation of Plato and Neoplatonism | 20 | |
| 4860449986 | Platonic Academy | An informal discussion group that made evident the interest in the works of Plato; Cosimo de'Medici became a patron and Marsilio Ficino was one of the academy's rulers | 21 | |
| 4860449987 | Neoplatonism | the exposition of Platonic philosophy | 22 | |
| 4860449990 | Pico della Mirandola | Wrote The Oration on the Dignity of Man; Man can aspire to union with God through the exercise of his unique talents. | 23 | |
| 4860449991 | Liberal arts | at the core of the academic training during the Renaissance; included history, moral philosophy, eloquence, letters, poetry, mathematics, astronomy and music | 24 | |
| 4860449994 | Johannes Gutenberg | played an important role in the development of printing, His Bible (1455 or 1456) was the first book in the west produced by moveable type | 25 | |
| 4860833235 | Perspective | A new technique in Renaissance painting that gave paintings an illusion of 3 dimensional space | 26 | |
| 4860838778 | Chiaroscuro | An effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something to highlight an area of a painting | 27 | |
| 4860849668 | Sfumato | The technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms. | 28 | |
| 4860449995 | Masaccio | (1401-1428) has been regarded as the artist of the first masterpiece of Early Renaissance art; Florence artist; birthed realistic style of painting through one point perspective and the use of dramatic lighting effects | 29 | |
| 4860449996 | Lorenzo the Magnificent | a Medici, a ruler of Florence and patron of the arts | 30 | |
| 4860449997 | Sandro Botticelli | His interest in Greek and Roman mythology was well reflected in one of his most famous works, Primavera | 31 | |
| 4860874740 | Titian | Painted the luxury and pleasure of Venice | 32 | |
| 4860449998 | Primavera | One of Sandro Botticelli's most famous works, means "Spring"; relfects his interest in Greek and Roman mythology; a painting set in the garden of Venus (eternal spring); figures have otherworldly features unlike the realism of the time |  | 33 |
| 4860450001 | Brunelleschi's Dome | a dome for the unfinished cathedral of Florence, spanned a 140-foot opening, Brunelleschi was a friend of Donatello |  | 34 |
| 4860450002 | High Renaissance | end of the 15th century, the peak of Renaissance art; dominated by the work of three artistic giants: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo | 35 | |
| 4860860607 | Florence | Most great painting of the 15th century was centered here. | 36 | |
| 4860450003 | Leonardo da Vinci | (1452-1519) One of three artistic giants in the High Renaissance, a true Renaissance Man; painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa | 37 | |
| 4860450004 | Raphael | (1483-1520) One of three artistic giants in the High Renaissance; known for his frescoes in the Vatican Palace (including The School of Athens) and Madonnas | 38 | |
| 4860450005 | Michelangelo | (1475-1564) One of three artistic giants in the High Renaissance; painter, sculptor and architect; hired by Pope Julius II in 1508 to paint The Last Judgment and the ceilings of Sistine Chapel; sculpted David and The Pieta | 39 | |
| 4860894361 | The Last Judgment | Michelangelo's fresco on the wall of the Sistine Chapel depicting the Second coming of Christ and the final judgment |  | 40 |
| 4860450006 | Michelangelo's David | an example of Michelangelo's search for ideal beauty; a sculpture; "I only take away the surplus, the statue is already there", the form of the statue already resided in the uncut piece of stone; portrays the beauty of the human body |  | 41 |
| 4860450007 | Bramante and Michelangelo | These two men were architects of St. Peter's Basilica. |  | 42 |
| 4860450009 | Northern Renaissance Art | 43 | ||
| 4860450010 | Jan van Eyck | Perfected the use of oil paint, helped create fine details; "Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride"; indicative of northern Renaissance painting |  | 44 |
| 4860450011 | Albrecht Durer | (1471-1528) German artist who was greatly affected by the Italians; mastered perspective and the Renaissance theories of proportion; known for woodcuts |  | 45 |
| 4860932084 | Renaissance Architecture | Romanesque in style; Used geometric proportions in buildings | 46 | |
| 4860973072 | Holbein the Younger | German who spent a great deal of his life in England; Emphasized natural likenesses in portraiture that express human individuality | 47 | |
| 4860946783 | Medieval Architecture | Gothic in style with pointed spires on churches | 48 | |
| 4860450013 | Hundred Years War | War from 1337-1453, between England and France that enhanced the power of the French king | 49 | |
| 4860450015 | War of the Roses | a civil war in England in the 1450's, created domestic turmoil; house of Lancaster (red rose) vs House of York (white rose); in 1485 the duke of Richmond, Henry Tudor defeated the last Yorkist king, Richard III, and established the Tudor dynasty. | 50 | |
| 4860450016 | Henry VII | (England) The first Tudor king, created the Tudor dynasty by defeating the last Yorkist king in the War of the Roses; ended the private wars of the nobility; created a strong monarchy | 51 | |
| 4860740393 | 5 Major City States of Italy | Venice, Milan, Florence, The Papal States, & Kingdom of Naples & Sicily | 52 | |
| 4860450021 | Constantinople and 1453 | 1453 The Ottoman Turks slowly gained Byzantine territory and ended the thousand year reign with the fall of Constantinople; 80 thousand Turk troops against seven thousand defenders; attacked the city | 53 |
